我希望创造一个光源,这将类似于太阳用SceneKit照亮地球的方式。这是一个业余天文学课程项目。因为太阳比地球大,一个全方位的SCNLight就不行了,因为它发出的光是从一个点发出的。太阳发出的光本质上是从一个很大的球体发出的,而不是一个点。
这张照片是使用全方位光源制作的,但并没有真实地显示地球的阴影区域。具体来说,北极没有照明,但它应该是(在这种情况下,我们是在夏天。

第二幅图片更真实,你可以看到北极被照亮了,就像夏天一样。

问题是,要获得第二个图像,我必须非常乏味地定位一个方向灯,以使图像正确(这是我手动完成的)。对于第一张图像,我只需将全向光定位在与太阳球体相同的位置)。由于整件事情都是动画化的,使用方向光,并且随着地球沿着轨道前进,它必须不断地重新定位,这就需要一些相当复杂的数学计算。
所以我想创建一个初始化的SCNLight,这个模型是以编程方式创建的I/O轻量对象。根据苹果的“文档”,在Swift中,SCNLight可以用来自指定模型I/O光对象的初始化器创建,我理解这是允许创建从圆盘形状的区域向四面八方照明的光源的
“文件”说明了“创造一盏灯”的下列内容:
init(mdlLight: MDLLight)它被定义为一个方便的初始化器:
我本来希望能够做到以下几点:
let lightModelObject = MDLLight()
lightModelObject.lightType = .discArea
let discShapedSceneLight = SCNLight(lightModelObject) //cannot convert value ... error.但是最后一条语句得到了一个错误:“不能将'MDLLight‘类型的值转换为预期的参数类型'NSCoder'”错误。我也尝试过:
let discShapedSceneLight = SCNLight.init(lightModelObject)但那里也没有运气。
我完全被困住了!我觉得在Swift中使用初始化器有一些基本的东西我不理解。
如有任何意见,将不胜感激。
编辑:根据相同的文档,我还在objective中尝试了以下内容:
#import <ModelIO/MDLLight.h>
...
SCNLight *discLight = [SCNLight light];
MDLPhysicallcPlausibleLight *ppl = [MDLPhysicallyPlausibleLight lightWithSCNLight:discLight];但请获得以下错误:“选择器‘lightWithSCNLight:’没有已知的类方法。”
编辑:感谢@EmilioPelaez解决这个问题。
我已经把完整的代码与所需的照明下面,也许它将有助于其他人。
import UIKit
import QuartzCore
import SceneKit
import SceneKit.ModelIO
class GameViewController: UIViewController {
var scnView:SCNView!
var scnScene:SCNScene!
var cameraNode:SCNNode!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
setupView()
setupScene()
setupCamera()
drawSolarSystem()
}
func setupView() {
scnView = self.view as! SCNView
scnView.showsStatistics = true
scnView.allowsCameraControl = true
scnView.autoenablesDefaultLighting = false
}
func setupScene() {
scnScene = SCNScene()
scnView.scene = scnScene
scnScene.background.contents = UIColor.systemBlue
}
func setupCamera() {
cameraNode = SCNNode()
cameraNode.camera = SCNCamera()
cameraNode.position = SCNVector3(x: 0, y: 0, z: 10)
scnScene.rootNode.addChildNode(cameraNode)
}
func drawSolarSystem() {
var geometryObject:SCNGeometry
//SUN object and light source
let sunX:Float = -3.5 ///position a little off to the left of center
//create the material for the Sun's surface
let sunMaterial = SCNMaterial()
sunMaterial.emission.contents = UIColor.yellow ///the color the material emits.
// sunMaterial.transparency = 0.3
// sunMaterial.diffuse.contents = UIColor.systemYellow ///the color the material reflects when lit.
//create the Sphere and assign it the material
geometryObject = SCNSphere(radius: 1.0)
geometryObject.firstMaterial=sunMaterial
//create the node and assign it the geometry (object) previously created.
let sunNode = SCNNode(geometry: geometryObject)
sunNode.position = SCNVector3(x:sunX, y:0, z:0)
scnScene.rootNode.addChildNode(sunNode)
//create the light source and position it same place as the sun
//create an MDLAreaLight, since the "normal" SCNLight types - such as omni - are not suitable.
//The .omni type emanates from a point, and so doesn't correctly represent the sun lighting the earth
let lightModelObject = MDLAreaLight()
lightModelObject.lightType = .discArea
// lightModelObject.areaRadius = 5.01 ///This doesn't appear to affect the light.
//create the node and assign it the MDLAreaLight
let sunLightNode = SCNNode()
sunLightNode.light = SCNLight(mdlLight:lightModelObject)
sunLightNode.light?.color = UIColor .white
sunLightNode.position = SCNVector3(x:sunX, y:0, z:0)
scnScene.rootNode.addChildNode(sunLightNode)
//EARTH EQUATORIAL PLANE but centered on the Sun
let floorObject = SCNFloor()
floorObject.reflectivity = 0
floorObject.width = 2
floorObject.length = 3
let earthEquatorialPlaneNode = SCNNode(geometry: floorObject)
earthEquatorialPlaneNode.position = SCNVector3(x:sunX, y:0, z:0)
scnScene.rootNode.addChildNode(earthEquatorialPlaneNode)
//EARTH main node - node with 2 subnodes, one sphere and one axis
///a node can only have a single geometry object attached. In order to attach multiple geometries, create a (parent) node without any geometry, and then attach subnodes with one geometry each.
//The parent node
let earthNode = SCNNode()
earthNode.position = SCNVector3(x: 0, y:-1.2, z:0)
scnScene.rootNode.addChildNode(earthNode)
//the child node for the earth axis of rotation object
geometryObject = SCNCylinder(radius: 0.01, height: 1.2)
let earthAxisNode = SCNNode(geometry: geometryObject)
earthNode.addChildNode(earthAxisNode)
//the child node for the earth sphere object
geometryObject = SCNSphere(radius: 0.5)
let earthSphereNode = SCNNode(geometry: geometryObject)
earthNode.addChildNode(earthSphereNode)
//put some meridians and an equator onto the sphere.
let earthSphereMaterial = SCNMaterial()
geometryObject.firstMaterial = earthSphereMaterial
earthSphereMaterial.diffuse.contents = "coordinateGrid.png"
earthSphereMaterial.lightingModel = .lambert
}
override var shouldAutorotate: Bool {
return true
}
override var prefersStatusBarHidden: Bool {
return true
}
}发布于 2020-06-16 12:02:03
如果添加import SceneKit.ModelIO,则应该能够使用当前无法工作的初始化器。
发布于 2020-06-17 21:46:45
请注意,MDLLightTypeDiscArea目前没有桥接到SceneKit,取而代之的是一个SCNLightTypeOmni灯(您可以验证这一点,但检查初始化程序的结果)。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62395798
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