我对tf.keras.Model进行了子类化,并在for循环中使用tf.keras.layers.GRUCell计算序列'y_t‘(n,timesteps,hidden_units)和最终隐藏状态'h_t’(n,hidden_units)。为了让我的循环输出'y_t',我在循环的每一次迭代之后更新一个tf.Variable。用model(input)调用模型不是问题,但是当我用调用方法中的for循环对模型进行拟合时,就会得到一个TypeError或ValueError.。
请注意,我不能简单地使用tf.keras.layers.GRU,因为我正在尝试实现这个纸。本文不只是将x_t传递给RNN中的下一个单元,而是在for循环中作为一个步骤执行一些计算(它们在PyTorch中实现),并将计算结果传递给RNN单元。他们最终基本上是这样做的: h_t = f(special_x_t,ht-1)。
请参阅下面导致错误的模型:
class CustomGruRNN(tf.keras.Model):
def __init__(self, batch_size, timesteps, hidden_units, features, **kwargs):
# Inheritance
super().__init__(**kwargs)
# Args
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.timesteps = timesteps
self.hidden_units = hidden_units
# Stores y_t
self.rnn_outputs = tf.Variable(tf.zeros(shape=(batch_size, timesteps, hidden_units)), trainable=False)
# To be used in for loop in call
self.gru_cell = tf.keras.layers.GRUCell(units=hidden_units)
# Reshape to match input dimensions
self.dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=features)
def call(self, inputs):
"""Inputs is rank-3 tensor of shape (n, timesteps, features) """
# Initial state for gru cell
h_t = tf.zeros(shape=(self.batch_size, self.hidden_units))
for timestep in tf.range(self.timesteps):
# Get the the timestep of the inputs
x_t = tf.gather(inputs, timestep, axis=1) # Same as x_t = inputs[:, timestep, :]
# Compute outputs and hidden states
y_t, h_t = self.gru_cell(x_t, h_t)
# Update y_t at the t^th timestep
self.rnn_outputs = self.rnn_outputs[:, timestep, :].assign(y_t)
# Outputs need to have same last dimension as inputs
outputs = self.dense(self.rnn_outputs)
return outputs一个会抛出错误的示例:
# Arbitrary values for dataset
num_samples = 128
batch_size = 4
timesteps = 5
features = 10
# Arbitrary dataset
x = tf.random.uniform(shape=(num_samples, timesteps, features))
y = tf.random.uniform(shape=(num_samples, timesteps, features))
train_data = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x, y))
train_data = train_data.shuffle(batch_size).batch(batch_size, drop_remainder=True)
# Model with arbitrary hidden units
model = CustomGruRNN(batch_size, timesteps, hidden_units=5)
model.compile(loss=tf.keras.losses.MeanSquaredError(), optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam())热切地奔跑时:
model.fit(train_data, epochs=2, run_eagerly=True)纪元1/2警告:tensorflow:当损失最小化时,变量‘堆栈_溢出_gru_rnn/gru_cell/内核:0’不存在渐变,'stack_overflow_gru_rnn/gru_cell/recurrent_kernel:0',‘堆栈_溢出_gru_rnn/gru_cell/偏值:0’。ValueError:未找到子字符串ValueError
不急着跑的时候:
model.fit(train_data, epochs=2, run_eagerly=False)时代1/2 TypeError:在用户代码: TypeError:无法将NoneType转换为张量或操作。
发布于 2021-08-06 04:24:49
编辑
虽然TensorFlow指南的答案足够了,但我认为我自己回答的关于RNN自定义单元格的问题是一个更好的选择。请看这个答案。使用自定义RNN单元消除了使用tf.Transpose和tf.TensorArray的需要,从而降低了代码的复杂性,同时提高了可读性。
原始自答
使用在TensorFlow的DynamicRNN底部描述的有效TensorFlow2指南解决了我的问题。
为了简单地扩展DynamicRNN的概念用法,定义了一个RNN单元,在我的例子中定义了GRU,然后可以在tf.range循环中定义任意数量的自定义步骤。应该使用循环之外的tf.TensorArray对象来跟踪变量,但在调用方法本身内,这样的数组的大小可以通过简单地调用(输入)张量的.shape方法来确定。值得注意的是,DynamicRNN对象在模型匹配中工作,其中默认的执行模式是“图”模式,而不是较慢的“急切执行”模式。
最后,可能需要使用“DynamicRNN”,因为默认情况下,`tf.keras.layers.GRU‘计算是由以下递归逻辑(假设'f’定义了一个`tf.keras.layers.GRU单元格)松散描述的:
# Numpy is used here for ease of indexing, but in general you should use
# tensors and transpose them accordingly (see the previously linked guide)
inputs = np.random.randn((batch, total_timesteps, features))
# List for tracking outputs -- just for simple demonstration... again please see the guide for more details
outputs = []
# Initialize the 'hidden state' (often referred to as h_naught and denoted h_0) of the RNN cell
state_at_t_minus_1 = tf.zeros(shape=(batch, hidden_cell_units))
# Iterate through the input until all timesteps in the sequence have been 'seen' by the GRU cell function 'f'
for timestep_t in total_timesteps:
# This is of shape (batch, features)
input_at_t = inputs[:, timestep_t, :]
# output_at_t of shape (batch, hidden_units_of_cell) and state_at_t (batch, hidden_units_of_cell)
output_at_t, state_at_t = f(input_at_t, state_at_t_minus_1)
outputs.append(output_at_t)
# When the loop restarts, this variable will be used in the next GRU Cell function call 'f'
state_at_t_minus_1 = state_at_t您可能希望在递归逻辑的for循环中添加其他步骤(例如,密集层、其他层等)。修改传递给GRU单元函数'f‘的输入和状态。这是DynamicRNN的一个动机。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68673890
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