Keras看到我的GPU，但在训练神经网络时不使用它

Question

我的GPU不被Keras/TensorFlow使用。

为了使我的GPU与tensorflow一起工作，我通过pip安装了tensorflow-gpu (我在Windows上使用Anaconda )

我有nvidia 1080

print(tf.test.is_gpu_available())

True

print(tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices())

[PhysicalDevice(name='/physical_device:CPU:0', device_type='CPU'), 
 PhysicalDevice(name='/physical_device:GPU:0', device_type='GPU')]

我打平了

physical_devices = tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('GPU')
tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(physical_devices[0], True)

但这没什么用

sess = tf.compat.v1.Session(config=tf.compat.v1.ConfigProto(log_device_placement=True))
print(sess)

Device mapping:
/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 -> device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1

<tensorflow.python.client.session.Session object at 0x000001A2A3BBACF8>

信托基金只发出警告：

W tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/redzone_allocator.cc:312] Internal: Invoking ptxas not supported on Windows 

整个日志：

2019-10-18 20:06:26.094049: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library cudart64_100.dll
2019-10-18 20:06:35.078225: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:142] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2
2019-10-18 20:06:35.090832: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library nvcuda.dll
2019-10-18 20:06:35.180744: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1618] Found device 0 with properties:
name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate(GHz): 1.683
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0
2019-10-18 20:06:35.185505: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dlopen_checker_stub.cc:25] GPU libraries are statically linked, skip dlopen check.
2019-10-18 20:06:35.189328: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1746] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
2019-10-18 20:06:35.898592: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1159] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix:
2019-10-18 20:06:35.901683: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1165]      0
2019-10-18 20:06:35.904235: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1178] 0:   N
2019-10-18 20:06:35.906687: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1304] Created TensorFlow device (/device:GPU:0 with 8784 MB memory) -> physical GPU (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1)
2019-10-18 20:06:38.694481: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1618] Found device 0 with properties:
name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate(GHz): 1.683
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0
2019-10-18 20:06:38.700482: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dlopen_checker_stub.cc:25] GPU libraries are statically linked, skip dlopen check.
2019-10-18 20:06:38.704020: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1746] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
[I 20:06:47.324 NotebookApp] Saving file at /Untitled.ipynb
2019-10-18 20:07:22.227110: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1618] Found device 0 with properties:
name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate(GHz): 1.683
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0
2019-10-18 20:07:22.246012: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dlopen_checker_stub.cc:25] GPU libraries are statically linked, skip dlopen check.
2019-10-18 20:07:22.261643: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1746] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
2019-10-18 20:07:22.272150: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1159] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix:
2019-10-18 20:07:22.275457: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1165]      0
2019-10-18 20:07:22.277980: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1178] 0:   N
2019-10-18 20:07:22.316260: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1304] Created TensorFlow device (/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 8784 MB memory) -> physical GPU (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1)
Device mapping:
/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 -> device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1
2019-10-18 20:07:32.986802: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1618] Found device 0 with properties:
name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate(GHz): 1.683
pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0
2019-10-18 20:07:32.990509: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dlopen_checker_stub.cc:25] GPU libraries are statically linked, skip dlopen check.
2019-10-18 20:07:32.993763: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1746] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
2019-10-18 20:07:32.995570: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1159] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix:
2019-10-18 20:07:32.997920: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1165]      0
2019-10-18 20:07:32.999435: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1178] 0:   N
2019-10-18 20:07:33.001380: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1304] Created TensorFlow device (/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 8784 MB memory) -> physical GPU (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0, compute capability: 6.1)
2019-10-18 20:07:36.048204: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library cudnn64_7.dll
2019-10-18 20:07:37.971703: W tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/redzone_allocator.cc:312] Internal: Invoking ptxas not supported on Windows
Relying on driver to perform ptx compilation. This message will be only logged once.
2019-10-18 20:07:38.576861: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:44] Successfully opened dynamic library cublas64_100.dll

还尝试过用pip重新安装tensorflow-gpu。

为什么我认为GPU不能工作？-因为我的python内核使用CPU 99%，RAM 99%，有时GPU ~7%，但大多数时候是0。

我使用自定义的数据生成器，但现在它只选择批次和调整大小(skimage.io.resize)1期~ 44s也有奇怪的行为，每10个样本在随机点冻结，最后一个样本(37/38)(~10-15秒)几乎不结冰。

编辑：

我发布了我的自定义datagen 这里

train_gen = DataGenerator(x = x_train,
                              y = y_train,
                              batch_size = 128,
                              target_shape = (100, 100, 3), 
                              sample_std = False,
                              feature_std = False,
                              proj_parameters = None,
                              blur_parameters = None,
                              nois_parameters = None,
                              flip_parameters = None,
                              gamm_parameters = None)

验证是一样的

更新：

所以是发电机引起了这个问题，但我怎么能解决它呢？

我只使用skimage和numpy操作

Answer 1

日志显示GPU确实被使用了。您几乎肯定遇到了IO瓶颈:您的GPU正在处理CPU抛向它的任何东西，比CPU加载和预处理它的速度要快得多。这在深度学习中很常见，有很多方法可以解决。

如果不了解更多关于数据管道(批处理的字节大小、预处理步骤、.)以及如何存储数据，我们就无法提供大量帮助。加快速度的一个典型方法是存储数据是二进制格式，如TFRecords，这样CPU可以更快地加载数据。见这方面的正式文件。

编辑:我很快就通过了你的输入管道。这一问题很可能是IO提出的：

• 您也应该在GPU上运行预处理步骤，您使用的许多增强技术都是在tf.image中实现的。如果可以的话，您应该考虑使用Tensorflow 2.0，因为它包含了Keras，还有很多帮助程序。
• 检查tf.data.Dataset API，它有大量的帮助程序来加载不同线程中的所有数据，这大致可以通过您拥有的内核数量来加快进程。
• 您应该将图像存储为TFRecords。如果输入的图像较小，这可能会使加载速度提高一个数量级。
• 您可能也可以尝试更大的批处理大小，我认为您的图像可能非常小。