我有一个容器,可以存储实现CommonBase特性的项目,还有其他一些特性(例如,TypeA和TypeB,但也可以有未知数量的其他TypeX特征),CommonBase是它们的超级特征。我将实现ItemA的对象存储到容器中,我可以从容器中获得对项的引用,但作为对CommonBase的引用。
我想将该项目转换为原来的类型,如下所示:
fn cast_to<T: SuperTrait>(val: dyn CommonBase) -> Result<T, dyn Error> {...}有人能帮忙吗?
这是我的实验代码
use std::error::Error;
use std::rc::Rc;
pub trait CommonBase {
fn to_common(self: &Self);
}
pub trait TypeA: CommonBase {
fn do_a(self: &Self);
}
pub trait TypeB: CommonBase {
fn do_b(self: &Self);
}
pub struct StructA {}
impl CommonBase for StructA {
fn to_common(self: &Self) { todo!() }
}
impl TypeA for StructA {
fn do_a(self: &Self) { todo!() }
}
pub struct StructB {}
impl CommonBase for StructB {
fn to_common(self: &Self) { todo!() }
}
impl TypeB for StructB {
fn do_b(self: &Self) { todo!() }
}
pub struct Container {
items: Vec<Rc<dyn CommonBase>>,
}
impl Container {
pub fn new() -> Container {
Container { items: Vec::new() }
}
pub fn add(self: &mut Self, item: Rc<dyn CommonBase>) {
self.items.push(item);
}
pub fn get(self, idx: usize) -> Rc<dyn CommonBase> {
self.items.get(idx).unwrap().clone()
}
}
fn cast_to<T: CommonBase>(val: Rc<dyn CommonBase>) -> Result<Rc<dyn T>, Box<dyn Error>> {...} // <- some magic is done here
fn main() {
let mut container = Container::new();
let item_a = Rc::new(StructA {});
let item_b = Rc::new(StructB {});
container.add(item_a); // index 0
container.add(item_b); // index 1
let stored_a_as_common: Rc<dyn CommonBase> = container.get_common(0); // actually TypeA
let stored_a: Rc<dyn TypeA> = cast_to(stored_a_as_common).unwrap();
stored_a.do_a();
}发布于 2022-11-29 17:13:31
这是您的代码,并添加了一些内容。
为此,您需要std::any::Any。为了尝试动态强制转换,每个受动态强制转换的结构都应该被称为dyn Any;这就是本例中.as_any()和.as_any_mut()的目的。使用.downcast_ref()或.downcast_mut()需要目标是类型的,而不是特征。
我不认为同时有两个Rc指向相同的结构,但声明有不同的dyn特征。在我看来,最好的方法就是只处理引用(不管它们来自何处,Rc或其他东西)。
当不可能进行动态转换时,您希望得到一个Error,然后我以这种方式编写函数。但是请注意,.downcast_ref()返回一个Option,这通常是足够好的(None意味着转换是不可能的);我们可以只使用这一行val.as_any().downcast_ref::<T>()来简化代码。
use std::error::Error;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::any::Any;
pub trait CommonBase: Any {
fn to_common(self: &Self);
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any;
}
pub trait TypeA: CommonBase {
fn do_a(self: &Self);
}
pub trait TypeB: CommonBase {
fn do_b(self: &Self);
}
pub struct StructA {}
impl CommonBase for StructA {
fn to_common(self: &Self) {
todo!()
}
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
self
}
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
self
}
}
impl TypeA for StructA {
fn do_a(self: &Self) {
println!("doing a");
}
}
pub struct StructB {}
impl CommonBase for StructB {
fn to_common(self: &Self) {
todo!()
}
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
self
}
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
self
}
}
impl TypeB for StructB {
fn do_b(self: &Self) {
println!("doing b");
}
}
pub struct Container {
items: Vec<Rc<dyn CommonBase>>,
}
impl Container {
pub fn new() -> Container {
Container { items: Vec::new() }
}
pub fn add(
self: &mut Self,
item: Rc<dyn CommonBase>,
) {
self.items.push(item);
}
pub fn get(
&self,
idx: usize,
) -> Rc<dyn CommonBase> {
self.items.get(idx).unwrap().clone()
}
}
fn cast_to<T: CommonBase>(
val: &dyn CommonBase
) -> Result<&T, Box<dyn Error>> {
if let Some(t_ref) = val.as_any().downcast_ref::<T>() {
Ok(t_ref)
} else {
Err("bad cast")?
}
}
#[allow(dead_code)] // unused in this example
fn cast_to_mut<T: CommonBase>(
val: &mut dyn CommonBase
) -> Result<&mut T, Box<dyn Error>> {
if let Some(t_ref) = val.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<T>() {
Ok(t_ref)
} else {
Err("bad cast")?
}
}
fn main() {
let mut container = Container::new();
let item_a = Rc::new(StructA {});
let item_b = Rc::new(StructB {});
container.add(item_a); // index 0
container.add(item_b); // index 1
let stored_a_as_common: Rc<dyn CommonBase> = container.get(0); // actually TypeA
let stored_a: &dyn TypeA =
cast_to::<StructA>(stored_a_as_common.as_ref()).unwrap();
stored_a.do_a();
let stored_b_as_common: Rc<dyn CommonBase> = container.get(1); // actually TypeB
let stored_b: &dyn TypeB =
cast_to::<StructB>(stored_b_as_common.as_ref()).unwrap();
stored_b.do_b();
}
/*
doing a
doing b
*/https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74615823
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