游戏中如何使圆圈在屏幕上正确显示的问题

Question

我觉得我对皮克的理解有点弱。对于代码的复杂性(因为这是由老师给出的)，或者简单地说，我至少可以让障碍变得明显，我将非常感激。

def draw(screen, background, boids, obstaclearray):
    
    #redrawing the whole window
    
    boids.clear(screen, background)
    dirty = boids.draw(screen)
    for element in obstaclearray:
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), (element.x, element.y), element.radius)

    pygame.display.update(dirty)

上面是我实际画的地方，并试图画圆圈。CircularObstacle类是一个非常简单的类，如下所示：

import pygame
class CircularObstacle():
    def __init__(self, x, y, radius): #MAYBE ADD A SIZE 
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.radius = radius

问题是，这个圆圈只有在机器人经过它的时候才画出来，这真的很奇怪。我认为这与游戏的设置方式以及表面和所有东西有关，下面是所有的主要代码。当然，障碍并不像预期的那样起作用，但我计划以后修复它，首先，我想至少有一个圆圈来展示。以下是我的完整代码，因为我认为它对于解决这个问题至关重要：

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import argparse
import sys
from boid import Boid 
from Obstacle import CircularObstacle



def add_boids(boids,num_boids):
    for boid in range (num_boids):
        boids.add(Boid())
        
        


def update(dt, boids):
    
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit(0)
        elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
            mods = pygame.key.get_mods()
            if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                # quit
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit(0)
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                # add boids
                if mods & pygame.KMOD_SHIFT:
                    add_boids(boids, 100)
                else:
                    add_boids(boids, 10)
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                # remove boids
                if mods & pygame.KMOD_SHIFT:
                    boids.remove(boids.sprites()[:100])
                else:
                    boids.remove(boids.sprites()[:10])

    
    #ADD STUFF LIKE THE SLIDER AND STUFF
    
    for b in boids:
        b.update(dt, boids)
        

def draw(screen, background, boids, obstaclearray):
    
    #redrawing the whole window
    
    boids.clear(screen, background)
    dirty = boids.draw(screen)
    for element in obstaclearray:
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), (element.x, element.y), element.radius)

    pygame.display.update(dirty)
    
    
    
 
default_boids = 0
default_geometry = "1000x1000"

# Initialise pygame.
pygame.init()



pygame.event.set_allowed([pygame.QUIT, pygame.KEYDOWN, pygame.KEYUP])

# keep a good framerate so the graphics are better
fps = 60.0
fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()

# Set up pygamme window
window_width, window_height = 800,600
flags = DOUBLEBUF

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height), flags)
screen.set_alpha(None)
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size()).convert()
background.fill(pygame.Color('black'))

boids = pygame.sprite.RenderUpdates()


add_boids(boids, default_boids)

obstaclearray = []
defaultcircleobstacle = CircularObstacle(200,200,13)
obstaclearray.append(defaultcircleobstacle)
#The "game loop"
dt = 1/fps  # here dt means the amount of time elapsed since the last frame 

#it seems like thie is a forever loop but in reality this is not since in the update method we provide functinality to quit the program
while True:
    update(dt, boids)
    draw(screen, background, boids, obstaclearray)
    dt = fpsClock.tick(fps)   

Answer 1

当您调用pygame.display.update()时，您有两个选项。您可以在没有任何参数的情况下调用它。在本例中，将更新整个屏幕。

pygame.display.update()

或者用需要更新的矩形区域列表来调用它。在这种情况下，只更新矩形区域。

pygame.display.update(rect_list) 

您可以执行第二个选项，但是绘制圆圈的区域不在dirty列表中，因此该区域不会更新。

pygame.display.update(脏)

要么用pygame.display.update()更新整个屏幕，要么将圆圈区域添加到dirty列表中：

def draw(screen, background, boids, obstaclearray):
    
    boids.clear(screen, background)
    dirty = boids.draw(screen)
    for element in obstaclearray:
        dirty_rect = pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255,255,255), (element.x, element.y), element.radius)
        dirty.append(dirty_rect)

    pygame.display.update(dirty)