让多个海龟移动不同的东西

Question

编码新手。我正在制作一个程序，旨在展示一个太阳系，并使用海龟可视化和动画行星。当我不得不拥有多个海龟时，问题就来了，因为我的代码结构方式。我尝试过改变它，例如，在循环和类似的动画中加入行星的值，但到目前为止还没有成功。代码最底部的值是行星的值，到目前为止，我只成功地制作了水星动画。

import turtle
import math

scale = 75000 #sätter skala till 7500 pixlar x,y.
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.bgcolor("black") 
screen.colormode(255)


sun = turtle.Turtle()
sun.setposition(0,0)


sun.color(255, 204, 51)
sun.begin_fill()


sunRadius = 432690 / scale
sunCircumference = 2*math.pi*sunRadius

for i in range(36):
  sun.forward(sunCircumference / 36)
  sun.right(10)

sun.end_fill()
sun.hideturtle()



planet = turtle.Turtle()
planet.speed(0)
planetScale = 100
orbit=turtle.Turtle()
orbit.color("white")



def drawPlanet(color, distance, radius):  
 radius = radius*planetScale/scale
 circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius
 print(circumference)

 distFromSun = sunRadius + ((radius + distance) / scale) / 10

 orbit.penup()
 orbit.setposition(0,0)
 orbit.showturtle()
 
 orbit.setheading(0)
 orbit.forward(distFromSun)
 orbit.setheading(270)
 orbitCircumference = 2*math.pi*distFromSun
 
 orbit.pendown()
 for i in range(36):
   orbit.forward(orbitCircumference/36)
   orbit.right(10)

 orbit.hideturtle()
 
 def move (planet):
  r = color[0]  
  g = color[1]  
  b = color[2]


  planet.setposition(0,0)

  planet.showturtle()
  planet.color(r,g,b)
  planet.penup()
 

  planet.forward(distFromSun)
  planet.pendown()
  planet.begin_fill()
  for i in range(36):
    planet.forward(circumference / 36)
    planet.right(10)
  planet.end_fill()
  planet.hideturtle()
 
  planet.penup()
 if __name__ == "__main__":
  while True:
    planet.clear()
    #call function to draw ball
    move(planet)
    #update screen
    screen.update()
    #make planet turn, move forward    
    planet.left(1)
    planet.forward(0.5)

#Mercury
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 35980000, 1516)

#Venus
drawPlanet([211, 156, 126], 67240000, 3760)

#Tellus
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 92950000, 3959)

#Mars
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 141600000, 2106)

#Jupiter
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 483800000, 43441)

#Saturn
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 890000000, 15759)

#Neptune
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 2793000000, 15299)

Answer 1

我已经把你的程序拆开了，然后重新组装成一个基本上可以运行的精简版本。一个关键的区别是每个星球都有一只专门的海龟，而不是试图共享一个。一些问题仍然存在：

• 你需要包含行星的速度，并将它们包含在计算中，这样它们才不会一起运动。

• 你的比例因子可以让最外面的行星看不见。

• 正如@furas建议的那样，这应该从使用while True:迁移到ontimer()-based设计。

• 海龟可以被告知使用弧度而不是度，请考虑只使用其中一种而不是两种。

看看这是否为您提供了完成代码所需的足够功能：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from math import pi

SCALE = 75_000

sunRadius = 432_690 / SCALE

planetScale = 100

planets = []

def drawPlanet(color, distance, radius):
    radius *= planetScale/SCALE

    distFromSun = ((radius + distance) / SCALE) / 10  # what is this number?
    orbitCircumference = 2 * pi * distFromSun

    orbit.home()
    orbit.forward(distFromSun)
    orbit.setheading(270)
    orbit.pendown()

    for parity in range(60):
        if parity % 2 == 0:  # dotted line
            orbit.pendown()
        else:
            orbit.penup()

        orbit.right(6)
        orbit.forward(orbitCircumference/60)

    orbit.penup()

    planet = Turtle()
    planet.hideturtle()
    planet.penup()
    planet.forward(distFromSun)
    planet.setheading(270)

    planets.append((planet, color, distFromSun, radius))

def move(data):
    planet, color, distFromSun, radius = data

    planet.clear()

    circumference = 2 * pi * distFromSun

    # make planet turn, move forward
    planet.right(6)
    planet.forward(circumference / 60)

    planet.dot(radius * 2, color)

screen = Screen()
screen.setup(width=1.0, height=1.0)
screen.bgcolor('black')
screen.colormode(255)
screen.tracer(False)

sun = Turtle()
sun.hideturtle()
sun.dot(sunRadius * 2, (255, 204, 51))

orbit = Turtle()
orbit.hideturtle()
orbit.color('white')
orbit.penup()

# Mercury
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 35_980_000, 1516)

# Venus
drawPlanet([211, 156, 126], 67_240_000, 3760)

# Tellus
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 92_950_000, 3959)

# Mars
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 141_600_000, 2106)

# Jupiter
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 483_800_000, 43441)

# Saturn
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 890_000_000, 15759)

# Neptune
drawPlanet([151, 151, 159], 2_793_000_000, 15299)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    while True:
        for data in planets:
            move(data)
            screen.update()

screen.mainloop()

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