我们如何使用glade、gtk-rs在rust中构建GUI？

Question

我使用glade创建了一个简单的图形用户界面，包括一个窗口、输入框、标签和一个按钮，并在我的rust项目的src目录中保存为example.glade。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.22.1 -->
<interface>
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.20"/>
  <object class="GtkWindow">
    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
    <child>
      <placeholder/>
    </child>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkFixed" id="windows1">
        <property name="visible">True</property>
        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
            <property name="label" translatable="yes">button</property>
            <property name="width_request">100</property>
            <property name="height_request">80</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">True</property>
            <property name="receives_default">True</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="x">182</property>
            <property name="y">146</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkEntry" id="box1">
            <property name="width_request">100</property>
            <property name="height_request">80</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">True</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="x">68</property>
            <property name="y">45</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
            <property name="width_request">100</property>
            <property name="height_request">80</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
            <property name="label" translatable="yes">label</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="x">321</property>
            <property name="y">44</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>

我的目标是创建一个简单的rust应用程序，当在输入框中输入值并通过单击按钮提交时，它会更改标签名称。

我试着用gtk-rs v0.9.2中的this example编写了一个rust后端。这是我的代码

use gtk::glib;
use gtk::prelude::*;
use gtk::{ApplicationWindow, Builder, Button, MessageDialog};

use std::env::args;

fn build_ui(application: &gtk::Application) {
    let glade_src = include_str!("example.glade");
    let builder = Builder::from_string(glade_src);
    let window: ApplicationWindow = builder.get_object("window1").expect("Couldn't get window1");

    window.show_all();
}


fn main() {
    let application = gtk::Application::new(
        Some("com.github.gtk-rs.examples.builder_basics"),
        Default::default(),
    )
    .expect("Initialization failed...");

    application.connect_activate(build_ui);

    application.run(&args().collect::<Vec<_>>());
}

当我运行这个命令时，我得到下面的错误

error: extern crate `glib` is private, and cannot be re-exported (error E0365), consider declaring with `pub`
 --> src/main.rs:1:5
  |
1 | use gtk::glib;


error[E0599]: no method named `connect_activate` found for struct `Application` in the current scope
  --> src/main.rs:23:17
   |
23 |       application.connect_activate(build_ui);
   |                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ method not found in `Application`


error[E0599]: no method named `run` found for struct `Application` in the current scope
  --> src/main.rs:25:17
   |
25 |       application.run(&args().collect::<Vec<_>>());
   |                   ^^^ method not found in `Application`

我们如何使用glade、gtk-rs在rust中构建GUI？

#Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
gtk = "0.9.2"

Answer 1

我不能说这是做这件事的聪明/正确的方法，但看看你的错误。

glib是它自己的依赖项，所以在你的cargo.toml中添加它。我认为你至少需要：

[dependancies]
gio = {version = "*", features =["v2_44"]}
glib = "*"
gtk = {version = "*", features =["v3_16"]}
gdk = "*"

其中一些功能是我的程序特别需要的。

我有如下的use语句：

// imports for GTK UI windows
use gio::prelude::*;
use gtk::prelude::*;
use glib;

use gtk::{Button} // as an example widget

前奏应该有助于弥补连接和运行等功能的缺失。

我的主要跑步方式是这样的，与你的相似但不相同：

// gtk UI setup an run
    let application =
        gtk::Application::new(Some("Program name"), Default::default())
            .expect("Initialization failed...");
    
    application.connect_activate(|app| {
        build_ui(app);
    });
    
    application.run(&args().collect::<Vec<_>>());

Answer 2

在缺乏好的文档、教程或帮助的情况下，很难在生锈的环境中编程。我不得不梳理了许多网站，复制并编辑了许多示例代码，才能让它正常工作。首先，我们必须在cargo.toml文件中指定一个版本，该版本必须是我们安装的gtk3，gio版本。现在，我的依赖项看起来像这样。

[dependencies]
glib = "0.10.3"

[dependencies.gtk]
version = "0.9.2"
features = ["v3_XX"] // XX our gtk3 sub version

[dependencies.gio]
version = "0.9.1"
features = ["v2_XX"] // XX our gio sub version

然后，我编辑了glade文件，用处理程序_on_clicked设置了一个信号事件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.22.1 -->
<interface>
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.20"/>
  <object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
    <child>
      <placeholder/>
    </child>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkFixed">
        <property name="visible">True</property>
        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
            <property name="label" translatable="yes">button</property>
            <property name="width_request">100</property>
            <property name="height_request">80</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">True</property>
            <property name="receives_default">True</property>
            <signal name="clicked" handler="_on_clicked" swapped="no"/>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="x">182</property>
            <property name="y">146</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkEntry" id="box1">
            <property name="width_request">100</property>
            <property name="height_request">80</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">True</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="x">68</property>
            <property name="y">45</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
            <property name="width_request">100</property>
            <property name="height_request">80</property>
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
            <property name="label" translatable="yes">label</property>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="x">321</property>
            <property name="y">44</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>

这是我在rust中的对应逻辑

extern crate gtk;
extern crate gio;    

use gtk::prelude::*;
use gio::prelude::*;

use gtk::{Builder,Window, Button};

use std::env::args;

// the handler
fn on_clicked(param: &[glib::Value]) -> Option<glib::Value> {
    println!("on_start_clicked fired!");
    None
}

fn build_ui(application: &gtk::Application) {
    let glade_src = include_str!("example.glade");
    let builder = Builder::from_string(glade_src);

    let window: Window = builder.get_object("window1").expect("Couldn't get window");
    
    window.set_application(Some(application));
    window.set_title("Test");
    
    window.connect_delete_event(|_, _| {
            gtk::main_quit();
            Inhibit(true)
        });

     // directly calling the button1 without implementing signal
    //let btn: Button = builder.get_object("button1").expect("Cant get button");
    //btn.connect_clicked(|_| {
            //println!("Activated");
        //});


    builder.connect_signals(|builder, handler_name| {
    match handler_name {
        // handler_name as defined in the glade file => handler function as defined above
        "_on_clicked" => Box::new(on_clicked),
        _ => Box::new(|_| {None})
    }
});
    
    window.show_all();
}

fn main() {
    let application = gtk::Application::new(
        Some("com.test.app"),
        Default::default(),
    )
    .expect("Initialization failed...");

    application.connect_activate(|app| {
        build_ui(app);
    });

    application.run(&args().collect::<Vec<_>>());
}