Bash:循环时将目录名设置为变量

Question

我有一个包含大量子目录的目录。我需要遍历所有子目录并保存它的名称(没有路径！)作为一个不同的变量

for d in ${output}/*/
do
   dir_name=${d%*/}
   echo ${dir_name}
done

当前版本的问题是，它为我提供了目录的完整路径。下面是echo的结果

/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig992
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig993
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig994
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig995
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig996
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig997
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig998
/Users/gleb/Desktop/DOcking/clusterizator/sub_folders_to_analyse/7000_CNE_lig999

Answer 1

使用dir_name=${d%*/}时，您只需删除尾随的/。您还需要删除直到最后一个/的所有内容。或者尝试basename，这可能是一个更好的选择。

如下所示：

for d in /var/*/ ; do  
    dir_name=${d%/}
    base=$(basename "$d")
    echo "$d $dir_name  ${dir_name##*/} $base"
done

这会产生：

/var/adm/ /var/adm  adm adm
/var/cache/ /var/cache  cache cache
/var/db/ /var/db  db db
/var/empty/ /var/empty  empty empty
/var/games/ /var/games  games games
/var/heimdal/ /var/heimdal  heimdal heimdal
/var/kerberos/ /var/kerberos  kerberos kerberos
/var/lib/ /var/lib  lib lib
/var/lock/ /var/lock  lock lock
/var/log/ /var/log  log log
/var/mail/ /var/mail  mail mail
/var/man/ /var/man  man man
/var/named/ /var/named  named named
/var/netatalk/ /var/netatalk  netatalk netatalk
/var/run/ /var/run  run run
/var/slapt-get/ /var/slapt-get  slapt-get slapt-get
/var/spool/ /var/spool  spool spool
/var/state/ /var/state  state state
/var/tmp/ /var/tmp  tmp tmp
/var/www/ /var/www  www www
/var/yp/ /var/yp  yp yp

(在我的系统上)。

Answer 2

你能通过cd连接到那个父目录吗？

cd ${output}/
lst=( */ )
for d in "${lst[@]}"; do echo "${d*/}"; done

如果这不是一个选项，那么你可以每次都去掉它。

lst=( ${output}/*/ )
for d in "${lst[@]}"; do dir="${d*/}"; echo "${dir##/}"; done

作为一个混合体，您有时可以使用更改子subshell中的目录的技巧，因为cd是子subshell的本地文件，当它结束时会“消失”，但任何赋值都是如此。

cd /tmp
( cd ${output}/; lst=( */ ); for d in "${lst[@]}"; do echo "${d*/}"; done )
# in /tmp here, lst array does not exist any more...