LCD未使用新值更新

Question

我一直在开发一个在单板计算机和LCD上运行的蚁群模拟器。不过，我遇到了LCD没有正确更新的问题。我有一些变量，比如工人、真菌和叶位，它们会在幕后更新。但是，液晶屏上不会显示新值。只有旧的。它有什么问题？

此外，我知道食物逻辑是错误的，我仍然需要测试它。

#!/usr/bin/python

from multiprocessing import Process
from random import randint
import smbus #make sure to install python-smbus
import time
import sys
import datetime

# Define some device parameters
I2C_ADDR  = 0x27 # I2C device address
LCD_WIDTH = 16   # Maximum characters per line

# Define some device constants
LCD_CHR = 1 # Mode - Sending data
LCD_CMD = 0 # Mode - Sending command

LCD_LINE_1 = 0x80 # LCD RAM address for the 1st line
LCD_LINE_2 = 0xC0 # LCD RAM address for the 2nd line
LCD_LINE_3 = 0x94 # LCD RAM address for the 3rd line
LCD_LINE_4 = 0xD4 # LCD RAM address for the 4th line

LCD_BACKLIGHT  = 0x08  # On
#LCD_BACKLIGHT = 0x00  # Off

ENABLE = 0b00000100 # Enable bit

# Timing constants
E_PULSE = 0.0005
E_DELAY = 0.0005

#Open I2C interface
#bus = smbus.SMBus(0)  # Rev 1 Pi uses 0
bus = smbus.SMBus(1) # Rev 2 Pi uses 1

queens = 1
larva = 0
workers = 1
aphids = 0
fungus = 5
leafbits = 0
rand = 0
rand2 = 0
antstotal = 2

def lcd_init():
    # Initialise display
    lcd_byte(0x33,LCD_CMD) # 110011 Initialise
    lcd_byte(0x32,LCD_CMD) # 110010 Initialise
    lcd_byte(0x06,LCD_CMD) # 000110 Cursor move direction
    lcd_byte(0x0C,LCD_CMD) # 001100 Display On,Cursor Off, Blink Off 
    lcd_byte(0x28,LCD_CMD) # 101000 Data length, number of lines, font size
    lcd_byte(0x01,LCD_CMD) # 000001 Clear display
    time.sleep(E_DELAY)

def lcd_byte(bits, mode):
    # Send byte to data pins
    # bits = the data
    # mode = 1 for data
    #        0 for command

    bits_high = mode | (bits & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT
    bits_low = mode | ((bits<<4) & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT

    # High bits
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_high)
    lcd_toggle_enable(bits_high)

    # Low bits
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_low)
    lcd_toggle_enable(bits_low)

def lcd_toggle_enable(bits):
    # Toggle enable
    time.sleep(E_DELAY)
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, (bits | ENABLE))
    time.sleep(E_PULSE)
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR,(bits & ~ENABLE))
    time.sleep(E_DELAY)

def lcd_string(message,line):
    # Send string to display

    message = message.ljust(LCD_WIDTH," ")

    lcd_byte(line, LCD_CMD)

    for i in range(LCD_WIDTH):
        lcd_byte(ord(message[i]),LCD_CHR)

def lcd_print():
    #global starttime
    #colonyname = input("What would you like to name the colony? ")
    while True:
        global antstotal, queens, workers, larva, fungus, aphids, leafbits
        # Send some text
        lcd_string("Name: Lasius", LCD_LINE_1)
        lcd_string("Day: " + seasons(int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))), LCD_LINE_2)

        time.sleep(4)
      
        lcd_string("Queens: " + str(queens), LCD_LINE_1)
        lcd_string("Larva: "+ str(larva), LCD_LINE_2)
        
        time.sleep(4)
        
        #third
        lcd_string("Workers: " + str(workers), LCD_LINE_1)
        lcd_string("Aphids: " + str(aphids), LCD_LINE_2)
    
        time.sleep(4)
        
        lcd_string("Fungus: " + str(fungus), LCD_LINE_1)
        lcd_string("Leaf Bits: " + str(leafbits), LCD_LINE_2)
        
        time.sleep(4)
        lcd_init()

def seasons(day):
    #sunday is 0
    #sunday = winter
    #monday = spring
    #tuesday = spring
    #wednesday = summer
    #thursday = summer
    #friday = fall
    #saturday = winter
    if (day == 0):
        season = "Winter"
    elif (day == 1):
        season = "Spring"
    elif (day == 2):
        season = "Spring"
    elif (day == 3):
        season = "Summer"
    elif (day == 4):
        season = "Summer"
    elif (day == 5):
        season = "Fall"
    elif (day == 6):
        season = "Winter"
        
    return (season);

def colony_logic():
    #Logic of the colony:
    #
    #Queens produce 1 larva every hour 
    #larva consume 1 fungus every hour
    #workers collect 1 leafbit every 30 minutes
    #aphids produce food buffer
    #fungus feeds colony
    #leafbits convert to fungus at a rate of 1 every 10 minutes
    #
    #extras:
    #
    #aphids are a random chance every half hour. a number between 1-10. If it is 5 you get an aphid
    x = 2
    while True:
        global antstotal, queens, workers, larva, fungus, aphids, leafbits
        time.sleep(600) #ten minutes post start
        print("x is " + str(x))
        #fungus
        if (x == 7):
            x = 2
        if (leafbits >= 1):
            fungus = fungus + 1
            print("Fungus increased by 1")
            leafbits = leafbits - 1
            print("Leaf bits decreased by 1")
            #x = x + 1
            time.sleep(600)
        elif (x == 2) or (x == 4) or (x == 6):
            #leafbits
            if (workers >= 1) & (seasons(int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))) != "Winter"):
                leafbits = leafbits + workers
                print("Workers found " + str(workers) + " leaf bits")
            #aphids
            rand = randint(1, 10)
            if (rand == 5):
                aphids = aphids + 1
                print ("Aphids increased by 1")
            #x = x + 1
        elif (x == 5):  
            #Queens logic. Must have 1 queen, 100 fungus, and slight random chance
            rand = randint(1, 25)
            if (queens >= 1) & (fungus >= 100) & (rand == 5) & (larva >= 1):
                queens = queens + 1
                larva = larva - 1
                print("Queens increased by 1")
                print("Larva decreased by 1")
            #larva logic
            #global queens, fungus
            if (queens >= 1) & (fungus >= 1) & (seasons(int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))) != "Winter"):
                larva = (larva + (larva * queens))
                print("Queens laid: " + str(queens) + " eggs")
            #workers logic
                time.sleep(600)
                workers = workers + 1
                larva = larva - 1
                print("A larva turned into a worker")
                time.sleep(600)
            #x = x + 1
        else:
            x = x + 1
            #rot: a random number is chosen every hour from 1-100. If it is 60 you lose fungus
            #Random attacks from other colonies: every hour a random number is picked.
            #   If it is 50 you are attacked and lose 1-25 workers
            #person attacks: every hour
            #person feeds: increases leafbits
        
            #rot logic
        rand = randint(1, 100)
        if (rand == 60) & (x == 6):
            rand2 = randint(1, 25)
            fungus = fungus - rand2
            print(str(rand2) + "fungus rotted")
            #random attacks logic
        if (rand == 50) & (seasons(int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))) != "Winter") & (x == 6):
            rand2 = randint(1, 25)
            workers = workers - rand2
            print(str(rand2) + " workers were killed by a rival colony")
        #person attacks
        if (rand == 40) & (x == 6):
            rand2 = randint(1, 25)
            workers = workers - rand2
            print(str(rand2) + " workers were killed by a random human")
        #person feeds
        if (rand == 30) & (x == 6):
            rand2 = randint(1, 25)
            leafbits = leafbits + rand2
            print(str(rand2) + " leaf bits were placed by the colony by a kind human")
        x = x + 1
def food_logic():
    #logic for feeding and starvation
    while True:
        time.sleep(3600)
        global antstotal, queens, workers, larva, fungus, aphids
        antstotal = queens + larva + workers
        print("You have: " + str(antstotal) + " total ants")
        if (seasons(int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))) != "Winter"):
            if (fungus > antstotal):
                fungus = fungus - antstotal
                print("Your ants have eaten: " + str(antstotal) + " fungus")
            else:
                fungus = (aphids * 5)
                print("You ran out of food and needed to kill aphids")
                print("You now have: " + str(fungus) + " fungus")
            while (fungus == 0):
                print("Your colony is starving")
                workers = workers - 1
                larva = larva - 1
                if (workers == 0) & (larva == 0) & (queens >= 1):
                    queens = queens - 1
                    print("A queen has died")
                if (antstotal == 0):
                    print("Your colony has died")
                    sys.exit
        else:
            if (fungus > antstotal):
                fungus = fungus - (antstotal/4)
                print("Your ants have eaten: " + str(antstotal) + " fungus")
            else:
                fungus = (aphids * 5)
                print("You ran out of food and needed to kill aphids")
                print("You now have: " + str(fungus) + " fungus")
            while (fungus == 0):
                print("Your colony is starving")
                workers = workers - 1
                larva = larva - 1
                if (workers == 0) & (larva == 0) & (queens >= 1):
                    queens = queens - 1
                    print("A queen has died")
                    time.sleep(3600)
                if (antstotal == 0):
                    print("Your colony has died")
                    sys.exit


def main():
    lcd_init()
    p1 = Process(target = colony_logic)
    p2 = Process(target = food_logic)
    p3 = Process(target = lcd_print)
    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p3.start()
    p1.join()
    p2.join()
    p3.join()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

编辑：

下面是一个更小的代码示例。我已经将它还原为LCD代码和一个递增的行。

我已确定问题与液晶屏代码有关。在没有LCD部分的情况下，使用命令行或在控制台的Eclipse中运行我的原始代码都运行得很好。我的意思是，如果我使用print()而不是打印到LCD，它可以很好地工作。尝试在液晶屏上显示变量时出现问题。显示原始值，但如果它们更新或递增，则不会显示新值。

我可能得重新考虑LCD的代码了。如果这是唯一给我带来问题的东西，那么它可能值得用不同的方式来做。

#!/usr/bin/python
#--------------------------------------
# Adapted/Started from Matt Hawkins LCD code, here is his website
# http://www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk/
#
#--------------------------------------
from multiprocessing import Process
import smbus #make sure to install python-smbus
import time
import sys

# Define some device parameters
I2C_ADDR  = 0x27 # I2C device address
LCD_WIDTH = 16   # Maximum characters per line

# Define some device constants
LCD_CHR = 1 # Mode - Sending data
LCD_CMD = 0 # Mode - Sending command

LCD_LINE_1 = 0x80 # LCD RAM address for the 1st line
LCD_LINE_2 = 0xC0 # LCD RAM address for the 2nd line
LCD_LINE_3 = 0x94 # LCD RAM address for the 3rd line
LCD_LINE_4 = 0xD4 # LCD RAM address for the 4th line

LCD_BACKLIGHT  = 0x08  # On
#LCD_BACKLIGHT = 0x00  # Off

ENABLE = 0b00000100 # Enable bit

# Timing constants
E_PULSE = 0.0005
E_DELAY = 0.0005

#Open I2C interface
#bus = smbus.SMBus(0)  # Rev 1 Pi uses 0
bus = smbus.SMBus(1) # Rev 2 Pi uses 1

incx = 0

def lcd_init():
    # Initialise display
    lcd_byte(0x33,LCD_CMD) # 110011 Initialise
    lcd_byte(0x32,LCD_CMD) # 110010 Initialise
    lcd_byte(0x06,LCD_CMD) # 000110 Cursor move direction
    lcd_byte(0x0C,LCD_CMD) # 001100 Display On,Cursor Off, Blink Off 
    lcd_byte(0x28,LCD_CMD) # 101000 Data length, number of lines, font size
    lcd_byte(0x01,LCD_CMD) # 000001 Clear display
    time.sleep(E_DELAY)

def lcd_byte(bits, mode):
    # Send byte to data pins
    # bits = the data
    # mode = 1 for data
    #        0 for command

    bits_high = mode | (bits & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT
    bits_low = mode | ((bits<<4) & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT

    # High bits
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_high)
    lcd_toggle_enable(bits_high)

    # Low bits
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_low)
    lcd_toggle_enable(bits_low)

def lcd_toggle_enable(bits):
    # Toggle enable
    time.sleep(E_DELAY)
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, (bits | ENABLE))
    time.sleep(E_PULSE)
    bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR,(bits & ~ENABLE))
    time.sleep(E_DELAY)

def lcd_string(message,line):
    # Send string to display

    message = message.ljust(LCD_WIDTH," ")

    lcd_byte(line, LCD_CMD)

    for i in range(LCD_WIDTH):
        lcd_byte(ord(message[i]),LCD_CHR)

def lcd_print():
    #global starttime
    #colonyname = input("What would you like to name the colony? ")
    while True:
        global incx
        # Send some text
        lcd_string("Variable: " + str(incx), LCD_LINE_1)

        time.sleep(4)

def inc_logic():
    global incx
    incx = incx + 1
    time.sleep(4)
def main():
    lcd_init()
    #inc_logic() doesn't work either
    p1 = Process(target = inc_logic)
    p2 = Process(target = lcd_print)
    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p1.join()
    p2.join()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Answer 1

我已经将这个项目切换到了PILCD库。我将继续测试它，如果我有更多的问题，我会尝试更多的库，并可能稍后在这里发布新的帖子，因为代码现在有很大的不同。