将目录中所有具有多个编码的文本文件转换为utf-8编码的文本文件

Question

我是Python的新手，一般来说，我也是编程方面的新手。因此，任何帮助都是非常感谢的。

我在一个目录中有超过3000个具有多个编码的文本文件。我需要将它们转换成一个单一的编码(例如utf8)，以便进一步的自然语言处理工作。当我使用shell检查这些文件的类型时，我确定了以下编码：

Algol 68 source text, ISO-8859 text, with very long lines
Algol 68 source text, Little-endian UTF-16 Unicode text, with very long lines
Algol 68 source text, Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines
Algol 68 source text, Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines, with LF, NEL line terminators
ASCII text
ASCII text, with very long lines
data
diff output text, ASCII text
ISO-8859 text, with very long lines
ISO-8859 text, with very long lines, with LF, NEL line terminators
Little-endian UTF-16 Unicode text, with very long lines
Non-ISO extended-ASCII text
Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines
Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines, with LF, NEL line terminators
UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text, with CRLF line terminators
UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators
UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators

你知道如何将上述编码的文本文件转换成utf-8编码的文本文件吗？

Answer 1

我遇到了和你一样的问题。我使用了两个步骤来解决这个问题。

代码如下：

import os, sys, codecs
import chardet

首先，使用chardet包来识别文本的编码。

for text in os.listdir(path):
    txtPATH = os.path.join(path, text)
    txtPATH=str(txtPATH)
    

    f = open(txtPATH, 'rb')
    data = f.read()
    f_charInfo = chardet.detect(data)
    coding2=f_charInfo['encoding']
    coding=str(coding2)
    print(coding)
    data = f.read()

其次，如果文本的编码不是utf-8，则将文本重写为utf-8编码到目录。

        if not re.match(r'.*\.utf-8$', coding, re.IGNORECASE): 
        print(txtPATH)
        print(coding)

        with codecs.open(txtPATH, "r", coding) as sourceFile:
            contents = sourceFile.read()
            
            
            with codecs.open(txtPATH, "w", "utf-8") as targetFile:              
                targetFile.write(contents)

希望这能有所帮助！谢谢