如何在tkinter中巧妙地使用可调整大小的小部件创建可调整大小的窗口？

Question

所以我正在使用tkinter来制作我的程序，在经历了很多麻烦之后，我得到了一些可调整大小的东西来工作，这是我使用过的代码片段：

CR = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Creativity", variable=CRval)
CR.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.68, rely=0.83, anchor="w")

正如您在下面看到的，复选框不在一行中，当我展开窗口时，它会进一步扩展：

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我花了很长时间才把它们对齐，真的不应该。我喜欢使用.grid()，但我似乎找不到一种使用相对距离或设置网格大小的方法。

这部分窗口的完整代码如下-请注意，我每次都必须更改几乎所有内容的相对大小：

import tkinter as tk

self = tk.Tk()

KLval = tk.BooleanVar()
KL = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Knots and Lashings", variable=KLval)
KL.place(relwidth=0.2, relheight=0.05, relx=0.03, rely=0.77, anchor="w")
SUval = tk.BooleanVar()
SU = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Sense of Urgency", variable=SUval)
SU.place(relwidth=0.2, relheight=0.05, relx=0.023, rely=0.83, anchor="w")
FCval = tk.BooleanVar()
FC = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Fieldcraft", variable=FCval)
FC.place(relwidth=0.15, relheight=0.05, relx=0.015, rely=0.89, anchor="w")
STval = tk.BooleanVar()
ST = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Stealth", variable=STval)
ST.place(relwidth=0.1, relheight=0.05, relx=0.028, rely=0.95, anchor="w")
PLval = tk.BooleanVar()
PL = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Planning", variable=PLval)
PL.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.25, rely=0.77, anchor="w")
RAval = tk.BooleanVar()
RA = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Radios", variable=RAval)
RA.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.242, rely=0.83, anchor="w")
COval = tk.BooleanVar()
CO = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Communication", variable=COval)
CO.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.28, rely=0.89, anchor="w")
SGval = tk.BooleanVar()
SG = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Strategy", variable=SGval)
SG.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.249, rely=0.95, anchor="w")
PSval = tk.BooleanVar()
PS = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Problem Solving", variable=PSval)
PS.place(relwidth=0.2, relheight=0.05, relx=0.47, rely=0.71, anchor="w")
DEval = tk.BooleanVar()
DE = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Decoding", variable=DEval)
DE.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.448, rely=0.77, anchor="w")
FAval = tk.BooleanVar()
FA = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="First Aid", variable=FAval)
FA.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.444, rely=0.83, anchor="w")
PRval = tk.BooleanVar()
PR = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Prioritising", variable=PRval)
PR.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.459, rely=0.89, anchor="w")
DMval = tk.BooleanVar()
DM = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Decision Making", variable=DMval)
DM.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.478, rely=0.95, anchor="w")
REval = tk.BooleanVar()
RE = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Re-Evaluation", variable=REval)
RE.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.7, rely=0.71, anchor="w")
MCval = tk.BooleanVar()
MC = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Management and Control", variable=MCval)
MC.place(relwidth=0.3, relheight=0.05, relx=0.686, rely=0.77, anchor="w")
CRval = tk.BooleanVar()
CR = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Creativity", variable=CRval)
CR.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.68, rely=0.83, anchor="w")
CKval = tk.BooleanVar()
CK = tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Core Knowledge", variable=CKval)
CK.place(relwidth=0.18, relheight=0.05, relx=0.71, rely=0.89, anchor="w")

self.geometry("650x400+400+50")
self.minsize(650, 400)

self.mainloop()

Answer 1

解决方案是使用grid或pack --它们专为创建响应式用户界面而设计。如果您非常关心响应能力，那么place很少是正确的选择。

如果你正在创建一个网格(即:在行和列中排列事物)，grid是正确的选择。您可以使用pack在行和列中排列事物，但它需要一些额外的工作来模拟列。

此外，考虑到特定代码的性质，您应该认真考虑在循环中创建这些复选按钮，并使用数据结构保存对小部件和变量的引用。这里的代码的问题是它不可读，很难维护，也很难可视化。

例如，您可以将缩写和标签保存在一组元组中，如下所示：

options = (
    ("KL", "Knots and Lashings"),
    ("SU", "Sense of Urgency"),
    ("FC", "Fieldcraft"),
    ("ST", "Stealth"),
    ("PL", "Planning"),
    ("RA", "Radios"),
    ("CO", "Communication"),
    ("SG", "Strategy"),
    ("PS", "Problem Solving"),
    ("DE", "Decoding"),
    ("FA", "First Aid"),
    ("PR", "Prioritising"),
    ("DM", "Decision Making"),
    ("RE", "Re-Evaluation"),
    ("MC", "Management and Control"),
    ("CR", "Creativity"),
    ("CK", "Core Knowledge")
)

然后，您可以使用缩写来引用小部件。您可以为每个小部件调用一次grid：

checkbuttons['PS'].grid(row=1, column=2, sticky="w")
checkbuttons['RE'].grid(row=1, column=3, sticky="w")
checkbuttons['KL'].grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="w")
...

或者，使用另一个循环。例如：

layout = (
    (None, None, "PS", "RE"),
    ("KL", "PL", "DE", "MC"),
    ("SU", "RA", "FA", "CR"),
    ("FC", "CO", "PR", "CK"),
    ("ST", "SG", "DM", None),
)

self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.grid_columnconfigure((0,1,2,3), weight=1)

for row, columns in enumerate(layout):
    for column, key in enumerate(columns):
        if key is not None:
            checkbuttons[key].grid(row=row+1, column=column, sticky="w")

该窗口现在已完全响应。此外，添加更多选项或重新排列选项的顺序也很简单。这是原始大小：

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这是伸展开的窗户：

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