在useEffect中使用componentDidUpdate代码以及DidMount和UnMount

Question

我正在尝试将我的代码迁移到支持react钩子的新react。我使用的是useReducer、useState和useEffect。我可以在代码中使用DidMount和UnMount，但不知道如何实现DidUpdate部件，因为这可能会造成重新呈现问题。

我是这样做的：

旧代码

class ImageBoard extends React.Component {
    constructor() {
      super();
      this.state = {
        canvas: undefined,
        selected: undefined
      };
    }

    handleDeleteKey(event) {
      if (event.keyCode === 46 || event.keyCode === 8) {
        event.preventDefault();
        if (this.state.selected !== undefined) {
          this.state.canvas.remove(this.state.selected);
          this.setState({ selected: undefined });
        }
      }
    }

    componentDidMount() {
      const canvas = new fabric.Canvas("canvas");
      document.addEventListener("keydown",this.handleDeleteKey.bind(this),false);
      canvas.on("object:selected", e => this.setState({ selected: e.target }));
      canvas.on("selection:cleared", e => this.setState({ selected: undefined }));
      this.setState({ canvas: canvas });
      this.setCanvasBackground(this.props.getSelectedImage, canvas);
    }

    componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {
      if (prevProps.getSelectedImage !== this.props.getSelectedImage) {
        this.setCanvasBackground(this.props.getSelectedImage,this.state.canvas);
      }

    }

更改为以下新代码

const ImageBoard = () => {
  let canvasEl = React.useRef(null);
  const [selected, setSelected] = React.useState(null)
  const [canvas, setCanvas] = React.useState(null)
 const [state, _] = React.useReducer(imagesReducer, [])

  const handleDeleteKey = event => {
    if (event.keyCode === 46 || event.keyCode === 8) {
      event.preventDefault();
      if (selected !== undefined) {
        canvas.remove(selected);
        setSelected(undefined);
      }
    }
  }

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const canvas = new fabric.Canvas("canvas");
    document.addEventListener(
      "keydown",
      handleDeleteKey,
      false
    );
    canvas.on("object:selected", e => setSelected(e.target));
    canvas.on("selection:cleared", e => setSelected(undefined));
    setCanvas(canvas);
    setCanvasBackground(state.images.selectedImage, canvas);
    return () => {
      document.removeEventListener("keydown", handleDeleteKey, false);
    }
  }, [])

如何用useEffect编写下面的代码片段？

componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {
          if (prevProps.getSelectedImage !== this.props.getSelectedImage) {
            this.setCanvasBackground(this.props.getSelectedImage,this.state.canvas);
          }
          this.setCanvasBackground(this.props.getSelectedImage,this.state.canvas);
        }

Answer 1

如果意图是在收到相同的道具时避免不必要的更新，并且这适用于所有道具，而不仅仅是getSelectedImage，那么组件可以成为纯组件：

const ImageBoard = memo(props => { ... });

因此，只有在接收到新的属性时，组件才会被重新呈现，包括useEffect

  useEffect(() => {
    // runs every time the component is rendered
    setCanvasBackground(props.getSelectedImage, canvas);
  })

如果组件的一部分应该仅在接收到特定属性(如getSelectedImage )的新值时才进行评估，则根据具体情况使用useMemo或useEffect挂钩来完成此操作。由于useEffect既可以充当componentDidUpdate，也可以充当componentDidMount，因此应该考虑这一点。

  useEffect(() => {
    // runs once on mount
    const canvas = new fabric.Canvas("canvas");
    document.addEventListener(
      "keydown",
      handleDeleteKey,
      false
    );
    canvas.on("object:selected", e => setSelected(e.target));
    canvas.on("selection:cleared", e => setSelected(undefined));
    setCanvas(canvas);
    // setCanvasBackground is moved to another hook
    return () => {
      document.removeEventListener("keydown", handleDeleteKey, false);
    }
  }, [])

  useEffect(() => {
    // runs every time new getSelectedImage is received, including initial render
    setCanvasBackground(props.getSelectedImage, canvas);
  }, [props.getSelectedImage])