我正在尝试获取CBMC中数组的所有排列。对于小的情况,例如1,2,3,我想我可以写
i1 = nondet()
i2 = nondet()
i3 = nondet()
assume (i > 0 && i < 4); ...
assume (i1 != i2 && i2 != i3 && i1 != i3);
// do stuffs with i1,i2,i3但是对于较大的元素,代码将非常混乱。所以我的问题是,有没有更好的/通用的方式来表达这一点?
发布于 2020-05-07 20:02:47
基于Craig提出的使用数组的建议,您可以循环遍历您想要置换的值,并不确定地选择一个尚未被占用的位置。例如,像这样的循环(其中,对于所有值,序列都使用-1进行了预初始化)。
for(int i = 1; i <= count; ++i) {
int nondet;
assume(nondet >= 0 && nondet < count);
// ensure we don't pick a spot already picked
assume(sequence[nondet] == -1);
sequence[nondet] = i;
}所以一个完整的程序看起来就像这样:
#include <assert.h>
#include <memory.h>
int sum(int *array, int count) {
int total = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
total += array[i];
}
return total;
}
int main(){
int count = 5; // 1, ..., 6
int *sequence = malloc(sizeof(int) * count);
// this isn't working - not sure why, but constant propagator should
// unroll the loop anyway
// memset(sequence, -1, count);
for(int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
sequence[i] = -1;
}
assert(sum(sequence, count) == -1 * count);
for(int i = 1; i <= count; ++i) {
int nondet;
__CPROVER_assume(nondet >= 0);
__CPROVER_assume(nondet < count);
__CPROVER_assume(sequence[nondet] == -1); // ensure we don't pick a spot already picked
sequence[nondet] = i;
}
int total = (count * (count + 1)) / 2;
// verify this is a permuation
assert(sum(sequence, count) == total);
}然而,对于大于6的值,这是相当慢的(尽管我没有将它与您的方法进行比较-它不会卡住解开,它会卡住求解)。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61225031
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