python3找不到可以用python2导入的模块

Question

我正在尝试从python2切换到python3。在这个过程中，我也从anaconda切换到miniconda3作为我的主要包管理工具。我还从github克隆了一些其他的包。我发现我不能再从从github下载的包中导入任何模块，而不能导入conda。例如，导入linetools.utils曾经有效，但现在不再有效。导入linetools.linetools.utils是可行的，但这还不够，因为包中的各个模块相互引用。这个包不是我写的，所以将所有出现的linetools.utils更改为linetools.linetools.utils是不可取的。

以下是帮助您解决我的问题的其他信息。

我的$PYTHONPATH环境变量设置为/Users/lwymarie/python/。我也尝试将相同的路径放到我的$path变量中。并没有解决我的问题。

这是我在PYTHONPATH下的包。只是展示了几个。

flemish.local> ls $PYTHONPATH
sdsspy          Barak           desisim         linetools           desiutil        pymc3           specutils           PypeIt          pyqtgraph       statsmodels
RemoteObserving     fitsio          Ska.Numpy       ginga           redrock

下面是我使用python2和anaconda2时的预期行为。我以包linetools为例。

flemish.local> python
Python 2.7.12 |Anaconda custom (x86_64)| (default, Jul  2 2016, 17:43:17) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Based on Apple Inc. build 5658) (LLVM build 2336.11.00)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://anaconda.org
>>> import linetools.utils

以下是上述方法工作时的sys.path。只是展示了一些元素。

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/Users/lwymarie/python', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python27.zip', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PIL', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Sphinx-1.3.1-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/aeosa', '/Users/lwymarie/python/specutils', '/Users/lwymarie/python/ginga', '/Users/lwymarie/python/statsmodels', '/Users/lwymarie/python/Ska.Numpy', '/Users/lwymarie/python/linetools', '/Users/lwymarie/python/pymc3', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpydoc-0.6.0-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nbsphinx-0.2.9-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/recommonmark-0.4.0-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/CommonMark-0.5.4-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/joblib-0.10.2-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Theano-0.8.2-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ginga-2.7.0-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/QtPy-1.3.1-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/desiutil-1.9.9.dev596-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/desisim-0.24.0.dev1308-py2.7.egg', '/Users/lwymarie/python/redrock/py', '/Users/lwymarie/python/PypeIt', '/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages']

退出Python时，下面是上面工作时的$path变量。

flemish.local> echo $path
/Users/lwymarie/anaconda/bin . /usr/local/bin /usr/local/etc /opt/local/bin /opt/local/sbin /usr/sbin /sbin /usr/bin /bin /usr/lang /etc /usr/etc /usr/X11/bin /usr/local/scisoft/bin /usr/local/texlive/2020/bin/x86_64-darwin /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 ./py/ ./

下面是我使用python3和miniconda3时不想要的行为。

flemish.local> python
Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug 13 2019, 15:17:50) 
[Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import linetools.utils
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'linetools.utils'

下面是发生上述错误时的sys.path。我也尝试了sys.path.append("/Users/lwymarie/python/linetools/")技巧，但仍然找不到模块。

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/Users/lwymarie/python', '/Users/lwymarie/miniconda3/lib/python37.zip', '/Users/lwymarie/miniconda3/lib/python3.7', '/Users/lwymarie/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload', '/Users/lwymarie/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages']

在退出Python时，下面是发生上述错误时的$path变量。

flemish.local> echo $path
/Users/lwymarie/miniconda3/bin /Users/lwymarie/miniconda3/bin . /usr/local/bin /usr/local/etc /opt/local/bin /opt/local/sbin /usr/sbin /sbin /usr/bin /bin /usr/lang /etc /usr/etc /usr/X11/bin /usr/local/scisoft/bin /usr/local/texlive/2020/bin/x86_64-darwin /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 ./py/ ./

下面是linetools包的目录树的图像。

​

如果您成功地帮助我让python3和linetools正常工作，您的善举将得到永生和幸福的回报。

Answer 1

您的python2 sys.path中有'/Users/lwymarie/python/linetools'，但您的python3 sys.path中没有。您是否使用python3重新设置了在线工具？

cd ~/python/linetools
python setup.py develop

Answer 2

我认为刘健仪的建议应该是可行的。

但请记住，您有多个索引路径。您有/Users/lwymarie/python和/Users/lwymarie/python/linetools (我在py2设置中看到了这一点)。