无法在Powershell中找到或运行我的脚本

Question

我正在做“艰难地学习Python”的练习14，我已经写出了我的源代码，但我似乎无法在PyCharm或Powershell的控制台中运行该脚本。我也不知道怎么用，我很迷茫。

我尝试打开PowerShell并将我的文件目录粘贴到其中，但得到的结果是一个错误消息

PS C:\Users\avalo> F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH ex14.py
F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH : The term
'F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function,
script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is
correct and try again.
At line:1 char:1
+ F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH ex14.p ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (F:\Python_Proje...excercises\LPTH:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

我不知道这是什么意思。下面你可以找到我的源代码。

from sys import argv

script, user_name = argv
prompt = '> '

print(f"Hi  {user_name}, I'm the {script} scrpit.")
print("I'd like to ask you a few questions")
print(f"Do you like me {user_name}?")
likes = input(prompt)

print(f"Where do you live {user_name}?")
lives = input(prompt)

print("What kind of computer do you have?")
computer = input(prompt)

print(f"""
Alright, so you said {likes}  about liking me.
You live in {lives}. Not sure where that is. 
And you have a {computer} computer, Nice.
""")

当我试图在PyCharm中运行脚本时，我得到了错误-

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/avalo/PycharmProjects/LPTH Excercises/venv/LPTH ex14.py", line 3, in <module>
    script, user_name = argv
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1). 

Answer 1

让我们看一下命令和错误消息：

PS C:\Users\avalo> F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH ex14.py
F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH : The term
'F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function,
script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is
correct and try again.

因此，您在Powershell提示符中键入了F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH ex14.py。Powershell试图理解用户输入，但做不到。您看，Powershell认为有一个命令和一个参数-因为有一个空格。因此，Powershell的推理是这样的，

尝试执行F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH并将ex14.py作为参数传递给前面提到的LPTH。

这没有多大意义，而且也没有F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH这样的东西。这就是为什么错误消息指出它未被识别为cmdlet、函数、脚本文件或可操作程序的名称的原因。

这种行为并不是Powershell自己的怪癖。Cmd shell、Bash和其他许多工具都需要特殊的变通方法来处理包含空格的文件名。

要解决此问题，您需要使用引号告诉shell，空格是文件名的一部分，而不是分隔符。更重要的是，您应该将路径作为参数传递给python。实际路径取决于您的设置，但它类似于

& 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Python37-32\python' 'F:\Python_Projets\Learning_Python_the_hard_way_excercises\LPTH ex14.py'

amperstand是执行python.exe的呼叫操作员。请注意，参数.py文件用单引号括起来，因此空格将作为文件名包括在内。

这个故事的寓意是:避免在文件名中使用空格，除非您只使用GUI工具。可以使用下划线_而不是空格来保持可读性。像LPTH_ex14.py这样的文件名不需要任何引号。