网格/仓库布局上离散事件模拟的可视化

Question

我需要模拟一个仓库，其中有几辆自动驾驶车辆在给定的布局上移动，并具有简单的优先级规则。据我所知，这个问题可以通过离散事件仿真(DES)轻松解决，为此我将使用SimPy。

我看到的问题是，对我来说，很难想象这些车辆的实际轨迹和相互作用。当然，我可以记录所有车辆在所有时间段的所有位置，但我如何继续创建可视化？

最愚蠢的方法是创建一百万张图片，但必须有更好的方法。有没有什么库或工具可以通过在背景之前移动符号来可视化网格上对象的移动？

另一种选择是对AnyLogic这样的软件使用基于代理的方法，但这对我来说似乎更复杂，我想应用DES方法，最好是使用开源软件。

Answer 1

我发现R库gganimate做了我想要的事情。我还没有找到Python的等价物(可能是因为Python中既没有ggplot2的等价物，也没有animate的等价物……)

Answer 2

我建议你去看看tkinter库。我们用它来做我们所有的simpy可视化。

这是一个可以实现的动画的非常基本的例子，请原谅戏剧性的镜头：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnZQ0f--Ink

下面是粗略描述上面所见内容的源代码：https://github.com/harrymunro/Simulations/blob/master/termini_simulation_animation.py

以下是动画组件的复制粘贴：

################ SET UP ANIMATION CANVAS #################
class Train:
    def __init__(self, canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2, tag):
        self.x1 = x1
        self.y1 = y1
        self.x2 = x2
        self.y2 = y2
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.train = canvas.create_rectangle(self.x1, self.y1, self.x2, self.y2, fill="red", tags = tag)
        self.train_number = canvas.create_text(((self.x2 - self.x1)/2 + self.x1), ((self.y2 - self.y1)/2 + self.y1), text = tag)
        self.canvas.update()

    def move_train(self, deltax, deltay):
        self.canvas.move(self.train, deltax, deltay)
        self.canvas.move(self.train_number, deltax, deltay)
        self.canvas.update()

    def remove_train(self):
        self.canvas.delete(self.train)
        self.canvas.delete(self.train_number)
        self.canvas.update()

class Clock:
    def __init__(self, canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2, tag):
        self.x1 = x1
        self.y1 = y1
        self.x2 = x2
        self.y2 = y2
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.train = canvas.create_rectangle(self.x1, self.y1, self.x2, self.y2, fill="#fff")
        self.time = canvas.create_text(((self.x2 - self.x1)/2 + self.x1), ((self.y2 - self.y1)/2 + self.y1), text = "Time = "+str(tag)+"s")
        self.canvas.update()

    def tick(self, tag):
        self.canvas.delete(self.time)
        self.time = canvas.create_text(((self.x2 - self.x1)/2 + self.x1), ((self.y2 - self.y1)/2 + self.y1), text = "Time = "+str(tag)+"s")
        self.canvas.update()


if show_animation == True:
    animation = Tk()
    #bitmap = BitmapImage(file="uxbridge.bmp")

    im = PhotoImage(file="uxbridge_resized.gif")

    canvas = Canvas(animation, width = 800, height = 400)
    canvas.create_image(0,0, anchor=NW, image=im)
    animation.title("Uxbridge Termini Simulation")

    canvas.pack()

#### matplotlib plots


if show_animation == True and hide_plots == False:
    f = plt.Figure(figsize=(5,4), dpi=100)

    a1 = f.add_subplot(221) # mean headway
    a2 = f.add_subplot(222) # TPH meter
    a3 = f.add_subplot(223) # headway distribution
    a4 = f.add_subplot(224) # train count

    a1.plot()
    a2.plot()
    a3.plot()
    a4.plot()

    from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg

    dataPlot = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, master=animation)
    dataPlot.show()
    dataPlot.get_tk_widget().pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
    f.tight_layout()

    canvas.pack()

# platforms
if show_animation == True:
    canvas.create_rectangle(50, 100, 200, 150, fill = "yellow")
    canvas.create_rectangle(50, 200, 200, 250, fill = "yellow")

    canvas.create_line(50, 75, 200, 75, fill="green", width=3) # platform 4
    canvas.create_line(50, 175, 200, 175, fill="green", width=3) # platform 2/3
    canvas.create_line(50, 275, 200, 275, fill="green", width=3) # platform 1

    canvas.create_text(125, 110, text = "Platform 4")
    canvas.create_text(125, 140, text = "Platform 3")
    canvas.create_text(125, 210, text = "Platform 2")
    canvas.create_text(125, 240, text = "Platform 1")

# track
    canvas.create_line(200, 75, 650, 75, fill="green", width=3) # platform 4 run out
    canvas.create_line(200, 175, 650, 175, fill="green", width=3) # platform 2/3 run in
    canvas.create_line(300, 175, 400, 75, fill="green", width=3)
    canvas.create_line(450, 75, 600, 175, fill="green", width=3)
    canvas.create_line(450, 175, 600, 75, fill="green", width=3)
    canvas.create_line(200, 275, 300, 275, fill="green", width=3)
    canvas.create_line(300, 275, 400, 175, fill="green", width=3)

############ END OF CANVAS #################

Answer 3

如果动画应该是2D的，您可以使用Pygame库。我用它制作了一个简单的模拟动画，效果很好。只需注意，您需要使用线程，否则您的窗口将在几秒钟后冻结。这个简单的方法为每个到达的客户绘制一个红色圆圈，并在客户得到服务时将其绘制为绿色。

def draw(env, timelist):
    gameDisplay.fill(white)
    start = time.clock()
    kdnr = 0
    kdaktuell = -1
    kdstart = -10
    while True:
        timer = (time.clock() - startzeit)
        if timer > 15: #simulation for 15 sec
                break

    # incoming customers
    if kdnr < len(timelist):
        if timelist[kdnr] <= timer:
            pygame.draw.circle(gameDisplay,red,(50+30*kdnr,400),10)
            print('Customer '+str(kdnr+1)+ ' arrived in minute: ' + str(timelist[kdnr]))
            kdnr = kdnr + 1

    # served customers
    if (kdstart+3) <= timer:
        kdaktuell = kdaktuell + 1
        kdstart = time
        pygame.draw.circle(gameDisplay,green,(50+30*kdaktuell,400),10)
        print('Customer '+str(kdaktuell+1)+ ' gets served.')

    pygame.display.update()