pg_restore不恢复某个表吗？

Question

在Django项目中，我在lucy_web应用程序中有一个模型Question，但是对应的lucy_web_question表不存在，从数据库外壳中的\dt命令可以看出：

(lucy-web-CVxkrCFK) bash-3.2$ python manage.py dbshell
psql (10.4)
Type "help" for help.

lucy=> \dt
                    List of relations
 Schema |             Name             | Type  |  Owner  
--------+------------------------------+-------+---------
 public | auditlog_logentry            | table | lucyapp
 public | auth_group                   | table | lucyapp
 public | auth_group_permissions       | table | lucyapp
 public | auth_permission              | table | lucyapp
 public | auth_user                    | table | lucyapp
 public | auth_user_groups             | table | lucyapp
 public | auth_user_user_permissions   | table | lucyapp
 public | defender_accessattempt       | table | lucyapp
 public | django_admin_log             | table | lucyapp
 public | django_content_type          | table | lucyapp
 public | django_migrations            | table | lucyapp
 public | django_session               | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_checkin             | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_checkintype         | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_company             | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_expert              | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_expertsessiontype   | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_family              | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_lucyguide           | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_notification        | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_package             | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_packagesessiontype  | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_preactivationfamily | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_profile             | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_questionanswer      | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_questioncategory    | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_session             | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_sessioncategory     | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_sessiontype         | table | lucyapp
 public | lucy_web_userapn             | table | lucyapp
 public | oauth2_provider_accesstoken  | table | lucyapp
 public | oauth2_provider_application  | table | lucyapp
 public | oauth2_provider_grant        | table | lucyapp
 public | oauth2_provider_refreshtoken | table | lucyapp
 public | otp_static_staticdevice      | table | lucyapp
 public | otp_static_statictoken       | table | lucyapp
 public | otp_totp_totpdevice          | table | lucyapp
 public | two_factor_phonedevice       | table | lucyapp
(38 rows)

我们还部署了一个登台环境，该环境部署在Aptible上，看起来确实有这些表。使用Aptible CLI to create a database tunnel，如果我使用psql <connection_url>和dt命令，我确实会看到lucy_web_question表：

db=# \dt
                    List of relations
 Schema |             Name             | Type  |  Owner  
--------+------------------------------+-------+---------
 public | auditlog_logentry            | table | aptible
 public | auth_group                   | table | aptible
 public | auth_group_permissions       | table | aptible
 public | auth_permission              | table | aptible
 public | auth_user                    | table | aptible
 public | auth_user_groups             | table | aptible
 public | auth_user_user_permissions   | table | aptible
 public | defender_accessattempt       | table | aptible
 public | django_admin_log             | table | aptible
 public | django_content_type          | table | aptible
 public | django_migrations            | table | aptible
 public | django_session               | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_checkin             | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_checkintype         | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_company             | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_expert              | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_expertsessiontype   | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_family              | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_lucyguide           | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_notification        | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_package             | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_packagesessiontype  | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_preactivationfamily | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_profile             | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_question            | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_questionanswer      | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_questioncategory    | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_questionprompt      | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_session             | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_sessioncategory     | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_sessiontype         | table | aptible
 public | lucy_web_userapn             | table | aptible
 public | oauth2_provider_accesstoken  | table | aptible
 public | oauth2_provider_application  | table | aptible
 public | oauth2_provider_grant        | table | aptible
 public | oauth2_provider_refreshtoken | table | aptible
 public | otp_static_staticdevice      | table | aptible
 public | otp_static_statictoken       | table | aptible
 public | otp_totp_totpdevice          | table | aptible
 public | two_factor_phonedevice       | table | aptible
(40 rows)

因为这些测试环境中的数据并不重要，所以我想在本地计算机上对可应用数据库执行pg_dump并对其执行pg_restore操作。

我本地的DATABASE_URL是postgres://lucyapp:<my_password>@localhost/lucy，所以首先，我用--format=custom做了一个pg_dump，并指定了一个--file，如下所示：

Kurts-MacBook-Pro-2:lucy2 kurtpeek$ touch staging_db_12_July.dump
Kurts-MacBook-Pro-2:lucy2 kurtpeek$ pg_dump postgresql://aptible:<some_aptible_hash>@localhost.aptible.in:62288/db --format=custom --file=staging_db_12_July.dump
Kurts-MacBook-Pro-2:lucy2 kurtpeek$ ls -lhtr | tail -1
-rw-r--r--   1 kurtpeek  staff   1.5M Jul 12 18:09 staging_db_12_July.dump

这将生成一个1.5Mb的.dump文件，我尝试使用pg_restore和--no-owner选项和--role=lucyapp恢复该文件(按照将所有者从aptible更改为lucyapp的顺序)。然而，这会导致大量的“已存在”错误，其中一个如下所示：

Kurts-MacBook-Pro-2:lucy2 kurtpeek$ pg_restore staging_db_12_July.dump --dbname=lucy --no-owner --role=lucyapp
pg_restore: [archiver (db)] Error while PROCESSING TOC:
pg_restore: [archiver (db)] Error from TOC entry 3522; 0 0 COMMENT EXTENSION plpgsql 
pg_restore: [archiver (db)] could not execute query: ERROR:  must be owner of extension plpgsql
    Command was: COMMENT ON EXTENSION plpgsql IS 'PL/pgSQL procedural language';



pg_restore: [archiver (db)] Error from TOC entry 2; 3079 16392 EXTENSION hstore 
pg_restore: [archiver (db)] could not execute query: ERROR:  permission denied to create extension "hstore"
HINT:  Must be superuser to create this extension.
    Command was: CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS hstore WITH SCHEMA public;



pg_restore: [archiver (db)] Error from TOC entry 3523; 0 0 COMMENT EXTENSION hstore 
pg_restore: [archiver (db)] could not execute query: ERROR:  extension "hstore" does not exist
    Command was: COMMENT ON EXTENSION hstore IS 'data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs';



pg_restore: [archiver (db)] Error from TOC entry 197; 1259 16515 TABLE auditlog_logentry aptible
pg_restore: [archiver (db)] could not execute query: ERROR:  relation "auditlog_logentry" already exists
    Command was: CREATE TABLE public.auditlog_logentry (
    id integer NOT NULL,
    object_pk character varying(255) NOT NULL,
    object_id bigint,
    object_repr text NOT NULL,
    action smallint NOT NULL,
    changes text NOT NULL,
    "timestamp" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
    actor_id integer,
    content_type_id integer NOT NULL,
    remote_addr inet,
    additional_data jsonb,
    CONSTRAINT auditlog_logentry_action_check CHECK ((action >= 0))
);



WARNING: errors ignored on restore: 294

问题是，如果我再次在python manage.py dbshell中使用\dt，我仍然看不到lucy_web_question表。

对于我的情况，我遇到了这个解决方案，Django : Table doesn't exist，但是在我的例子中，Question模型被导入并在许多地方用作外键，所以我认为只恢复一个数据库会更容易。但是，为什么它不恢复lucy_web_question表呢？