使用“pip install mysql-python”，但是它不工作，如何修复它？

Question

我是Python新手，我想安装mysqldb模块来连接我的数据库，我已经尝试了"pip install mysql-python"，终端显示：

sudo pip install mysql-python
The directory '/Users/suoliyun/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/suoliyun/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting mysql-python
  Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 1.9MB/s 
Installing collected packages: mysql-python
  Running setup.py install for mysql-python ... error
    Complete output from command /Users/suoliyun/Library/Enthought/Canopy/edm/envs/User/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-build-DCyMvD/mysql-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-1dVZC1-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7
    gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -g -arch x86_64 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.18_1/include/mysql -I/Users/suoliyun/Library/Enthought/Canopy/edm/envs/User/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o
    _mysql.c:1589:10: warning: comparison of unsigned expression < 0 is always false [-Wtautological-compare]
            if (how < 0 || how >= sizeof(row_converters)) {
                ~~~ ^ ~
    1 warning generated.
    gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -g -arch x86_64 -headerpad_max_install_names -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.18_1/lib -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.6-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so
    ld: library not found for -lssl
    clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/Users/*/Library/Enthought/Canopy/edm/envs/User/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-build-DCyMvD/mysql-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-1dVZC1-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-build-DCyMvD/mysql-python/

如何解决这个问题？这是什么意思？谢谢!

Answer 1

当您安装任何依赖于项目的python库时，请始终在相应的虚拟环境中安装这些库。

1. pip install virtualenv

这将安装virtualenv，现在创建一个名为install的虚拟环境

2. virtualenv miscellaneous

这将在工作目录中创建一个名为directory的虚拟环境

3. source miscellaneous/bin/activate

这将启动虚拟环境，现在您要安装的任何库都将安装在此环境中

4. pip install MySQL-python