无头Chrome未检测到css元素

Question

我发现无头Chrome似乎检测不到元素。以下脚本不起作用。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui  import WebDriverWait

options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
driver.set_window_size(1024, 600)
driver.maximize_window()

driver.get('https://www.sportsbet.com.au/betting/soccer?LeftNav')

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".link")))
print('hi')

更改为not headless。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.set_window_size(1024, 600)
driver.maximize_window()

driver.get('https://www.sportsbet.com.au/betting/soccer?LeftNav')

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".link")))
print('test2')

成功！

我得到的是无头：

line 49, in <module>
    wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".link")))
  File "C:\Users\Django\AppData\Local\Continuum\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\wait.py", line 80, in until
    raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: 

更改css: div:nth-child(1) >a> span.team-name.ib

我仍然得到相同的错误。它为什么要这么做？

Answer 1

如果你使用的是headless浏览器，它似乎会给你重定向。

添加：

user_agent = 'I LIKE CHOCOLATE'
options.add_argument(f'user-agent={user_agent}')

现在运行：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui  import WebDriverWait

options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
user_agent = 'I LIKE CHOCOLATE'
options.add_argument(f'user-agent={user_agent}')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
driver.set_window_size(1024, 600)
options.add_argument("--headless");
driver.maximize_window()

driver.get('https://www.sportsbet.com.au/betting/soccer?LeftNav')

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".link")))
print('hi')

成功！

Answer 2

下面提到的配置解决了我的问题。

    final ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");
    options.addArguments("--allow-insecure-localhost");
    options.addArguments("--headless");
    options.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
    options.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
    DesiredCapabilities caps = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
    caps.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);
    caps.setCapability("acceptInsecureCerts", caps);
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);