让PyAudio与谷歌助手协同工作的问题

Question

我正在尝试设置一个树莓派3与谷歌助手SDK触发的雪男孩自定义热词。我可以让pushtotalk.py中提供的示例助手工作，也可以让雪人男孩工作，但我似乎不能让它们在相同的脚本中运行。我认为这个问题是因为助手和雪人试图使用相同的音频源，或者别的什么。我的代码在这里-它只在底部做了很小的修改，试图设置一个雪球探测器。谁能解释一下为什么我会收到下面的回溯？我自己似乎找不到答案：

# Copyright (C) 2017 Google Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Sample that implements a gRPC client for the Google Assistant API."""

import concurrent.futures
import json
import logging
import os
import os.path
import sys
import uuid

import click
import grpc
import google.auth.transport.grpc
import google.auth.transport.requests
import google.oauth2.credentials

from google.assistant.embedded.v1alpha2 import (
    embedded_assistant_pb2,
    embedded_assistant_pb2_grpc
)
from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, retry_if_exception

try:
    from googlesamples.assistant.grpc import (
        assistant_helpers,
        audio_helpers,
        device_helpers
    )
except SystemError:
    import assistant_helpers
    import audio_helpers
    import device_helpers


import snowboydecoder

ASSISTANT_API_ENDPOINT = 'embeddedassistant.googleapis.com'
END_OF_UTTERANCE = embedded_assistant_pb2.AssistResponse.END_OF_UTTERANCE
DIALOG_FOLLOW_ON = embedded_assistant_pb2.DialogStateOut.DIALOG_FOLLOW_ON
CLOSE_MICROPHONE = embedded_assistant_pb2.DialogStateOut.CLOSE_MICROPHONE
DEFAULT_GRPC_DEADLINE = 60 * 3 + 5


def detected_callback():
    print("ding")
    assistant.assist()

class SampleAssistant(object):
    """Sample Assistant that supports conversations and device actions.

    Args:
      device_model_id: identifier of the device model.
      device_id: identifier of the registered device instance.
      conversation_stream(ConversationStream): audio stream
        for recording query and playing back assistant answer.
      channel: authorized gRPC channel for connection to the
        Google Assistant API.
      deadline_sec: gRPC deadline in seconds for Google Assistant API call.
      device_handler: callback for device actions.
    """

    def __init__(self, language_code, device_model_id, device_id,
                 conversation_stream,
                 channel, deadline_sec, device_handler):
        self.language_code = language_code
        self.device_model_id = device_model_id
        self.device_id = device_id
        self.conversation_stream = conversation_stream

        # Opaque blob provided in AssistResponse that,
        # when provided in a follow-up AssistRequest,
        # gives the Assistant a context marker within the current state
        # of the multi-Assist()-RPC "conversation".
        # This value, along with MicrophoneMode, supports a more natural
        # "conversation" with the Assistant.
        self.conversation_state = None

        # Create Google Assistant API gRPC client.
        self.assistant = embedded_assistant_pb2_grpc.EmbeddedAssistantStub(
            channel
        )
        self.deadline = deadline_sec

        self.device_handler = device_handler

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, etype, e, traceback):
        if e:
            return False
        self.conversation_stream.close()

    def is_grpc_error_unavailable(e):
        is_grpc_error = isinstance(e, grpc.RpcError)
        if is_grpc_error and (e.code() == grpc.StatusCode.UNAVAILABLE):
            logging.error('grpc unavailable error: %s', e)
            return True
        return False

    @retry(reraise=True, stop=stop_after_attempt(3),
           retry=retry_if_exception(is_grpc_error_unavailable))
    def assist(self):
        """Send a voice request to the Assistant and playback the response.

        Returns: True if conversation should continue.
        """
        continue_conversation = False
        device_actions_futures = []

        self.conversation_stream.start_recording()
        logging.info('Recording audio request.')

        def iter_assist_requests():
            for c in self.gen_assist_requests():
                assistant_helpers.log_assist_request_without_audio(c)
                yield c
            self.conversation_stream.start_playback()

        # This generator yields AssistResponse proto messages
        # received from the gRPC Google Assistant API.
        for resp in self.assistant.Assist(iter_assist_requests(),
                                          self.deadline):
            assistant_helpers.log_assist_response_without_audio(resp)
            if resp.event_type == END_OF_UTTERANCE:
                logging.info('End of audio request detected')
                self.conversation_stream.stop_recording()
            if resp.speech_results:
                logging.info('Transcript of user request: "%s".',
                             ' '.join(r.transcript
                                      for r in resp.speech_results))
                logging.info('Playing assistant response.')
            if len(resp.audio_out.audio_data) > 0:
                self.conversation_stream.write(resp.audio_out.audio_data)
            if resp.dialog_state_out.conversation_state:
                conversation_state = resp.dialog_state_out.conversation_state
                logging.debug('Updating conversation state.')
                self.conversation_state = conversation_state
            if resp.dialog_state_out.volume_percentage != 0:
                volume_percentage = resp.dialog_state_out.volume_percentage
                logging.info('Setting volume to %s%%', volume_percentage)
                self.conversation_stream.volume_percentage = volume_percentage
            if resp.dialog_state_out.microphone_mode == DIALOG_FOLLOW_ON:
                continue_conversation = True
                logging.info('Expecting follow-on query from user.')
            elif resp.dialog_state_out.microphone_mode == CLOSE_MICROPHONE:
                continue_conversation = False
            if resp.device_action.device_request_json:
                device_request = json.loads(
                    resp.device_action.device_request_json
                )
                fs = self.device_handler(device_request)
                if fs:
                    device_actions_futures.extend(fs)

        if len(device_actions_futures):
            logging.info('Waiting for device executions to complete.')
            concurrent.futures.wait(device_actions_futures)

        logging.info('Finished playing assistant response.')
        self.conversation_stream.stop_playback()
        return continue_conversation

    def gen_assist_requests(self):
        """Yields: AssistRequest messages to send to the API."""

        dialog_state_in = embedded_assistant_pb2.DialogStateIn(
                language_code=self.language_code,
                conversation_state=b''
            )
        if self.conversation_state:
            logging.debug('Sending conversation state.')
            dialog_state_in.conversation_state = self.conversation_state
        config = embedded_assistant_pb2.AssistConfig(
            audio_in_config=embedded_assistant_pb2.AudioInConfig(
                encoding='LINEAR16',
                sample_rate_hertz=self.conversation_stream.sample_rate,
            ),
            audio_out_config=embedded_assistant_pb2.AudioOutConfig(
                encoding='LINEAR16',
                sample_rate_hertz=self.conversation_stream.sample_rate,
                volume_percentage=self.conversation_stream.volume_percentage,
            ),
            dialog_state_in=dialog_state_in,
            device_config=embedded_assistant_pb2.DeviceConfig(
                device_id=self.device_id,
                device_model_id=self.device_model_id,
            )
        )
        # The first AssistRequest must contain the AssistConfig
        # and no audio data.
        yield embedded_assistant_pb2.AssistRequest(config=config)
        for data in self.conversation_stream:
            # Subsequent requests need audio data, but not config.
            yield embedded_assistant_pb2.AssistRequest(audio_in=data)


@click.command()
@click.option('--api-endpoint', default=ASSISTANT_API_ENDPOINT,
              metavar='<api endpoint>', show_default=True,
              help='Address of Google Assistant API service.')
@click.option('--credentials',
              metavar='<credentials>', show_default=True,
              default=os.path.join(click.get_app_dir('google-oauthlib-tool'),
                                   'credentials.json'),
              help='Path to read OAuth2 credentials.')
@click.option('--project-id',
              metavar='<project id>',
              help=('Google Developer Project ID used for registration '
                    'if --device-id is not specified'))
@click.option('--device-model-id',
              metavar='<device model id>',
              help=(('Unique device model identifier, '
                     'if not specifed, it is read from --device-config')))
@click.option('--device-id',
              metavar='<device id>',
              help=(('Unique registered device instance identifier, '
                     'if not specified, it is read from --device-config, '
                     'if no device_config found: a new device is registered '
                     'using a unique id and a new device config is saved')))
@click.option('--device-config', show_default=True,
              metavar='<device config>',
              default=os.path.join(
                  click.get_app_dir('googlesamples-assistant'),
                  'device_config.json'),
              help='Path to save and restore the device configuration')
@click.option('--lang', show_default=True,
              metavar='<language code>',
              default='en-US',
              help='Language code of the Assistant')
@click.option('--verbose', '-v', is_flag=True, default=False,
              help='Verbose logging.')
@click.option('--input-audio-file', '-i',
              metavar='<input file>',
              help='Path to input audio file. '
              'If missing, uses audio capture')
@click.option('--output-audio-file', '-o',
              metavar='<output file>',
              help='Path to output audio file. '
              'If missing, uses audio playback')
@click.option('--audio-sample-rate',
              default=audio_helpers.DEFAULT_AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,
              metavar='<audio sample rate>', show_default=True,
              help='Audio sample rate in hertz.')
@click.option('--audio-sample-width',
              default=audio_helpers.DEFAULT_AUDIO_SAMPLE_WIDTH,
              metavar='<audio sample width>', show_default=True,
              help='Audio sample width in bytes.')
@click.option('--audio-iter-size',
              default=audio_helpers.DEFAULT_AUDIO_ITER_SIZE,
              metavar='<audio iter size>', show_default=True,
              help='Size of each read during audio stream iteration in bytes.')
@click.option('--audio-block-size',
              default=audio_helpers.DEFAULT_AUDIO_DEVICE_BLOCK_SIZE,
              metavar='<audio block size>', show_default=True,
              help=('Block size in bytes for each audio device '
                    'read and write operation.'))
@click.option('--audio-flush-size',
              default=audio_helpers.DEFAULT_AUDIO_DEVICE_FLUSH_SIZE,
              metavar='<audio flush size>', show_default=True,
              help=('Size of silence data in bytes written '
                    'during flush operation'))
@click.option('--grpc-deadline', default=DEFAULT_GRPC_DEADLINE,
              metavar='<grpc deadline>', show_default=True,
              help='gRPC deadline in seconds')
@click.option('--once', default=False, is_flag=True,
              help='Force termination after a single conversation.')
def main(api_endpoint, credentials, project_id,
         device_model_id, device_id, device_config, lang, verbose,
         input_audio_file, output_audio_file,
         audio_sample_rate, audio_sample_width,
         audio_iter_size, audio_block_size, audio_flush_size,
         grpc_deadline, once, *args, **kwargs):
    """Samples for the Google Assistant API.

    Examples:
      Run the sample with microphone input and speaker output:

        $ python -m googlesamples.assistant

      Run the sample with file input and speaker output:

        $ python -m googlesamples.assistant -i <input file>

      Run the sample with file input and output:

        $ python -m googlesamples.assistant -i <input file> -o <output file>
    """
    # Setup logging.
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG if verbose else logging.INFO)

    # Load OAuth 2.0 credentials.
    try:
        with open(credentials, 'r') as f:
            credentials = google.oauth2.credentials.Credentials(token=None,
                                                                **json.load(f))
            http_request = google.auth.transport.requests.Request()
            credentials.refresh(http_request)
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error('Error loading credentials: %s', e)
        logging.error('Run google-oauthlib-tool to initialize '
                      'new OAuth 2.0 credentials.')
        sys.exit(-1)

    # Create an authorized gRPC channel.
    grpc_channel = google.auth.transport.grpc.secure_authorized_channel(
        credentials, http_request, api_endpoint)
    logging.info('Connecting to %s', api_endpoint)

    # Configure audio source and sink.
    audio_device = None
    if input_audio_file:
        audio_source = audio_helpers.WaveSource(
            open(input_audio_file, 'rb'),
            sample_rate=audio_sample_rate,
            sample_width=audio_sample_width
        )
    else:
        audio_source = audio_device = (
            audio_device or audio_helpers.SoundDeviceStream(
                sample_rate=audio_sample_rate,
                sample_width=audio_sample_width,
                block_size=audio_block_size,
                flush_size=audio_flush_size
            )
        )
    if output_audio_file:
        audio_sink = audio_helpers.WaveSink(
            open(output_audio_file, 'wb'),
            sample_rate=audio_sample_rate,
            sample_width=audio_sample_width
        )
    else:
        audio_sink = audio_device = (
            audio_device or audio_helpers.SoundDeviceStream(
                sample_rate=audio_sample_rate,
                sample_width=audio_sample_width,
                block_size=audio_block_size,
                flush_size=audio_flush_size
            )
        )
    # Create conversation stream with the given audio source and sink.
    conversation_stream = audio_helpers.ConversationStream(
        source=audio_source,
        sink=audio_sink,
        iter_size=audio_iter_size,
        sample_width=audio_sample_width,
    )

    device_handler = device_helpers.DeviceRequestHandler(device_id)

    @device_handler.command('action.devices.commands.OnOff')
    def onoff(on):
        if on:
            logging.info('Turning device on')
        else:
            logging.info('Turning device off')

    if not device_id or not device_model_id:
        try:
            with open(device_config) as f:
                device = json.load(f)
                device_id = device['id']
                device_model_id = device['model_id']
        except Exception as e:
            logging.warning('Device config not found: %s' % e)
            logging.info('Registering device')
            if not device_model_id:
                logging.error('Option --device-model-id required '
                              'when registering a device instance.')
                sys.exit(-1)
            if not project_id:
                logging.error('Option --project-id required '
                              'when registering a device instance.')
                sys.exit(-1)
            device_base_url = (
                'https://%s/v1alpha2/projects/%s/devices' % (api_endpoint,
                                                             project_id)
            )
            device_id = str(uuid.uuid1())
            payload = {
                'id': device_id,
                'model_id': device_model_id,
                'client_type': 'SDK_SERVICE'
            }
            session = google.auth.transport.requests.AuthorizedSession(
                credentials
            )
            r = session.post(device_base_url, data=json.dumps(payload))
            if r.status_code != 200:
                logging.error('Failed to register device: %s', r.text)
                sys.exit(-1)
            logging.info('Device registered: %s', device_id)
            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(device_config), exist_ok=True)
            with open(device_config, 'w') as f:
                json.dump(payload, f)

    with SampleAssistant(lang, device_model_id, device_id,
                         conversation_stream,
                         grpc_channel, grpc_deadline,
                         device_handler) as assistant:
        # If file arguments are supplied:
        # exit after the first turn of the conversation.
        if input_audio_file or output_audio_file:
            assistant.assist()
            return

        # If no file arguments supplied:
        # keep recording voice requests using the microphone
        # and playing back assistant response using the speaker.
        # When the once flag is set, don't wait for a trigger. Otherwise, wait.
        wait_for_user_trigger = not once
        while True:
            if wait_for_user_trigger:
                print("starting detector...")
                detector = snowboydecoder.HotwordDetector("/home/pi/snowboy-master/examples/Python3/resources/models/hey_raspberry.pmdl", sensitivity=0.5, audio_gain=1)
                detector.start(detected_callback)
                #click.pause(info='Press Enter to send a new request...')
            continue_conversation = assistant.assist()
            # wait for user trigger if there is no follow-up turn in
            # the conversation.
            wait_for_user_trigger = not continue_conversation

            # If we only want one conversation, break.
            if once and (not continue_conversation):
                break


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

这是回溯。

starting detector...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "my_assistant.py", line 444, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/pi/Projects/virtual_envs/spence.codes_venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 722, in __call__
    return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/pi/Projects/virtual_envs/spence.codes_venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 697, in main
    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
  File "/home/pi/Projects/virtual_envs/spence.codes_venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 895, in invoke
    return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
  File "/home/pi/Projects/virtual_envs/spence.codes_venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 535, in invoke
    return callback(*args, **kwargs)
  File "my_assistant.py", line 431, in main
    detector.start(detected_callback)
  File "/home/pi/snowboy-master/examples/Python3/snowboydecoder.py", line 153, in start
    stream_callback=audio_callback)
  File "/home/pi/Projects/virtual_envs/spence.codes_venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pyaudio.py", line 750, in open
    stream = Stream(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/pi/Projects/virtual_envs/spence.codes_venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pyaudio.py", line 441, in __init__
    self._stream = pa.open(**arguments)
OSError: [Errno -9985] Device unavailable

Answer 1

基本上，答案是您不能在Pi上同时播放两个音频流。我不得不重新编写脚本，以便助手仅在协助您时初始化音频流(然后立即终止它)，以便SnowBoy可以在其余时间使用它。