静态链接vips (libvips)二进制文件

Question

我一直在尝试创建vips的静态链接版本，但一直无法做到。是否可以创建静态链接的vips命令？

我正在编译的平台是Ubuntu 16.04。

我正在运行的make命令：

 make LDFLAGS=-all-static

我没有将它配置为使用python或imagemagick (它们在配置输出中显示为"no“)。我得到的错误是：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-glocalfileinfo.o): In function `lookup_gid_name':
(.text+0x11d7): warning: Using 'getgrgid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-glocalvfs.o): In function `g_local_vfs_parse_name':
(.text+0x1cd): warning: Using 'getpwnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.a(libglib_2_0_la-gutils.o): In function `g_get_user_database_entry':
(.text+0x249): warning: Using 'getpwuid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.a(libglib_2_0_la-gutils.o): In function `g_get_user_database_entry':
(.text+0xcf): warning: Using 'getpwnam_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-glocalfileinfo.o): In function `lookup_uid_data':
(.text+0x1054): warning: Using 'getpwuid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.a(nanohttp.o): In function `xmlNanoHTTPConnectHost':
(.text+0x924): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.a(nanohttp.o): In function `xmlNanoHTTPConnectHost':
(.text+0x9f4): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-gnetworkaddress.o): In function `g_network_address_parse':
(.text+0xc39): warning: Using 'getservbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-gnetworkaddress.o): In function `g_network_address_parse':
(.text+0xc4e): warning: Using 'endservent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:597: recipe for target 'vips' failed
make[2]: *** [vips] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/vips-8.4.1/tools'
Makefile:631: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/vips-8.4.1'
Makefile:536: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

例如，我在这里发现：Create statically-linked binary that uses getaddrinfo?是libnss的一个问题。但是在./configure --help输出中没有--enable-static-flag。尽管如此，我还是试过了，但并没有解决我的问题。

我所链接的库(根据配置输出，我已将其截断)：

build radiance support:         yes
build analyze support:          yes
build PPM support:          yes
use fftw3 for FFT:          yes
accelerate loops with orc:      yes
ICC profile support with lcms:      yes (lcms2)
SVG import with librsvg-2.0:        yes
zlib:                   yes
file import/export with libwebp:    yes
file import/export with libpng:     yes (pkg-config libpng >= 1.2.9)
file import/export with libtiff:    yes (pkg-config libtiff-4)
file import/export with giflib:     yes (found by search)
file import/export with libjpeg:    yes
use libexif to load/save JPEG metadata: yes

是不是我链接的某个库导致了这个问题？

Answer 1

我试过这样做：

$ CFLAGS="-static" CXXFLAGS="-static" ./configure --prefix=/home/john/vips --without-python --without-magick

它似乎起作用了：

$ ls ~/vips/lib
girepository-1.0  libvipsCC.a   libvips-cpp.a   libvips.la  python2.7
libvips.a         libvipsCC.la  libvips-cpp.la  pkgconfig
$ which vips
/home/john/vips/bin/vips
$ ls -l ~/vips/bin/vips
-rwxr-xr-x 1 john john 6373864 Sep 27 13:16 /home/john/vips/bin/vips
$ vips invert /data/john/pics/k2.jpg x.jpg
$ eog x.jpg

不过我没有对它进行过太多的测试，我怀疑它不是非常静态的。例如，如果在vips二进制文件上运行ldd，就会得到一个很长的列表。真正的静态二进制文件已经不存在了。

为什么你想要一个静态二进制文件？如果是为了简化分发，像flatpack和snappy这样的东西可能会更好。你也可以自己排序-例如，vips附带了一个简单的包装器脚本，它可以使共享的二进制文件可重定位。

Answer 2

在未能说服构建机制进行静态链接后，在向staticx报告an issue并看到它已修复后，我能够成功地使用staticx创建一个工作的静态vips可执行文件。请参阅here了解我是如何构建的。

以防这个矿山的链接在未来失效，下面是相关的部分：

RUN curl -sL https://github.com/libvips/libvips/releases/download/v8.9.2/vips-8.9.2.tar.gz | tar -xz -f- --strip-components=1 -C .

# TODO: Add --disable-deprecated
# Blocked by https://github.com/libvips/libvips/pull/1593

# XXX: -static doesn't work here, I'm using staticx to make the final vips binary static.
RUN CFLAGS="-O3 -flto -pipe" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -flto -pipe" \
    ./configure \
        --disable-shared \
        --disable-static \
        --disable-dependency-tracking

# This is the fastest easiest way I found to compile the
# CLI as fast as possible. You can probably get more optimal,
# but it'd be a lot harder wrestling autotools.
RUN cd libvips \
    && make -j"$(nproc)"
RUN cd tools \
    && make -j"$(nproc)" vips

RUN cd tools \
    && staticx vips ../vips

由于配置会自动进行功能检测，下面是我安装的Debian 10 (6月22日)包：

    libglib2.0-dev \
    libexpat1-dev \
    libjpeg-dev \
    libpng-dev \
    libimagequant-dev \
    libexif-dev \
    liborc-0.4-dev

它的重量是3.3M，这是相当令人印象深刻的，而且比发行包小得多，这就是为什么我开始做这件事的原因。

$ file vips-glibc-gcc
vips-glibc-gcc: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
$ ls -lah vips-glibc-gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 josh josh 3.3M Jun 23 02:51 vips-glibc-gcc