解析的依赖项中存在不兼容的版本

Question

我正在尝试运行我的python项目，这个项目在我的Mac上似乎运行得很好(在pycharm中最好，不是很好，但可以在VSCode中运行)，而在VSCode中运行我的覆盆子pi则很糟糕。每当我先运行一个pipenv shell，再运行一个pipenv install时，它只会报告以下错误：

Pipfile.lock (e9a11d) out of date, updating to (47943b)...
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies...
Locking [packages] dependencies...
Building requirements...
Resolving dependencies...
✘ Locking Failed! 
[ResolutionFailure]:   File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/resolver.py", line 741, in _main
[ResolutionFailure]:       resolve_packages(pre, clear, verbose, system, write, requirements_dir, packages, dev)
[ResolutionFailure]:   File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/resolver.py", line 709, in resolve_packages
[ResolutionFailure]:       requirements_dir=requirements_dir,
[ResolutionFailure]:   File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/resolver.py", line 692, in resolve
[ResolutionFailure]:       req_dir=requirements_dir
[ResolutionFailure]:   File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/utils.py", line 1403, in resolve_deps
[ResolutionFailure]:       req_dir=req_dir,
[ResolutionFailure]:   File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/utils.py", line 1108, in actually_resolve_deps
[ResolutionFailure]:       resolver.resolve()
[ResolutionFailure]:   File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/utils.py", line 833, in resolve
[ResolutionFailure]:       raise ResolutionFailure(message=str(e))
[pipenv.exceptions.ResolutionFailure]: Warning: Your dependencies could not be resolved. You likely have a mismatch in your sub-dependencies.
  First try clearing your dependency cache with $ pipenv lock --clear, then try the original command again.
 Alternatively, you can use $ pipenv install --skip-lock to bypass this mechanism, then run $ pipenv graph to inspect the situation.
  Hint: try $ pipenv lock --pre if it is a pre-release dependency.
ERROR: Could not find a version that matches graphene-django>=3.0.0b1 (from -r /tmp/pipenvcczdc6ayrequirements/pipenv-eg1jqra7-constraints.txt (line 3))
Tried: 1.0, 1.1.0, 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.3, 2.0.0, 2.0.0, 2.1.0, 2.1.0, 2.2.0, 2.2.0, 2.3.0, 2.3.0, 2.3.2, 2.3.2, 2.4.0, 2.4.0, 2.5.0, 2.5.0, 2.6.0, 2.6.0, 2.7.0, 2.7.0, 2.7.1, 2.7.1, 2.8.0, 2.8.0, 2.8.1, 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.2, 2.9.0, 2.9.0, 2.9.1, 2.9.1, 2.10.0, 2.10.0, 2.10.1, 2.10.1, 2.11.0, 2.11.0, 2.11.1, 2.11.1, 2.12.0, 2.12.0, 2.12.1, 2.12.1, 2.13.0, 2.13.0, 2.14.0, 2.14.0, 2.15.0, 2.15.0
Skipped pre-versions: 1.0.dev20160909000001, 1.0.dev20160910000001, 1.0.dev20160917000001, 1.0.dev20160919000001, 1.0.dev20160919000002, 1.0.dev20160919000003, 1.0.dev20160919000004, 1.0.dev20160920000001, 1.0.dev20160922000001, 2.0.dev2017072501, 2.0.dev2017072601, 2.0.dev2017073101, 2.0.dev2017073101, 2.0.dev2017083101, 2.0.dev2017083101, 2.1rc0, 2.1rc0, 2.1rc1, 2.1rc1, 3.0.0b1, 3.0.0b1, 3.0.0b2, 3.0.0b2, 3.0.0b3, 3.0.0b3, 3.0.0b4, 3.0.0b4, 3.0.0b5, 3.0.0b5, 3.0.0b6, 3.0.0b6, 3.0.0b7, 3.0.0b7
There are incompatible versions in the resolved dependencies:
  graphene-django (from -r /tmp/pipenvcczdc6ayrequirements/pipenv-eg1jqra7-constraints.txt (line 3))
  graphene-django>=3.0.0b1 (from django-graphql-jwt==0.3.2->-r /tmp/pipenvcczdc6ayrequirements/pipenv-eg1jqra7-constraints.txt (line 5))

在运行pipenv graph (在pipenv install --skip-lock之后)之后，我看不到什么是不兼容的，因为它返回以下内容：

django-cors-headers==3.7.0
  - Django [required: >=2.2, installed: 3.2.3]
    - asgiref [required: >=3.3.2,<4, installed: 3.3.4]
      - typing-extensions [required: Any, installed: 3.10.0.0]
    - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2021.1]
    - sqlparse [required: >=0.2.2, installed: 0.4.1]
django-graphql-jwt==0.3.2
  - Django [required: >=1.11, installed: 3.2.3]
    - asgiref [required: >=3.3.2,<4, installed: 3.3.4]
      - typing-extensions [required: Any, installed: 3.10.0.0]
    - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2021.1]
    - sqlparse [required: >=0.2.2, installed: 0.4.1]
  - graphene-django [required: >=3.0.0b1, installed: 3.0.0b7]
    - Django [required: >=2.2, installed: 3.2.3]
      - asgiref [required: >=3.3.2,<4, installed: 3.3.4]
        - typing-extensions [required: Any, installed: 3.10.0.0]
      - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2021.1]
      - sqlparse [required: >=0.2.2, installed: 0.4.1]
    - graphene [required: >=3.0.0b5,<4, installed: 3.0b7]
      - aniso8601 [required: >=8,<9, installed: 8.1.1]
      - graphql-core [required: >=3.1.2,<4, installed: 3.1.5]
      - graphql-relay [required: >=3.0,<4, installed: 3.1.0]
        - graphql-core [required: >=3.1, installed: 3.1.5]
        - typing-extensions [required: >=3.7,<4, installed: 3.10.0.0]
    - graphql-core [required: >=3.1.0,<4, installed: 3.1.5]
    - promise [required: >=2.1, installed: 2.3]
      - six [required: Any, installed: 1.16.0]
    - text-unidecode [required: Any, installed: 1.3]
  - PyJWT [required: >=2,<3, installed: 2.1.0]
Rx==1.6.1
singledispatch==3.6.1
  - six [required: Any, installed: 1.16.0]

似乎每个版本都在版本范围内正确安装，包括它抱怨的石墨烯-django：>=3.0.0b1，installed: 3.0.0b7。

为什么会发生这个错误？

pip3 list返回：

Package             Version
------------------- --------
aniso8601           8.1.1
asgiref             3.3.4
Django              3.2.3
django-cors-headers 3.7.0
django-graphql-jwt  0.3.2
graphene            3.0b7
graphene-django     3.0.0b7
graphql-core        3.1.5
graphql-relay       3.1.0
pip                 21.1.1
promise             2.3
PyJWT               2.1.0
pytz                2021.1
Rx                  1.6.1
setuptools          56.0.0
singledispatch      3.6.1
six                 1.16.0
sqlparse            0.4.1
text-unidecode      1.3
typing-extensions   3.10.0.0
wheel               0.36.2

Pipfile：

[[source]]
url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"

[packages]
django = "*"
django-graphql-jwt = "*"
pyjwt = "1.7.1"
django-cors-headers = "*"
graphene-django = "*"

[requires]
python_version = "3.7"

[dev-packages]

我已经尝试了很多方法来解决这个问题，但是我不知道从哪里开始。我想在我的raspberry pi上部署这个python、graphql和react项目，但如果我甚至不能让它运行，我想我做不到。我试图在我的raspberry pi (运行raspbian)上运行这个程序，问题就出在后端的python应用程序上。

任何帮助，任何事都将不胜感激。我是python的初学者。

Answer 1

你设法安装了测试版(例如，在安装之前使用了--pre标志，然后从管道文件中删除了该选项，或者直接在虚拟环境中使用pip )。

现在，因为django-graphql-jwt不符合语义版本控制，他们决定依赖于补丁发布¯\_(ツ)_/¯中的主要版本，预发布。

由于0.3.1版本的django-graphql-jtw依赖于>=2.5.1，您的测试版仍将匹配，但如果没有--pre标志锁定将失败，因为最高的非测试版是2.5.1。这就是显示的冲突(但输出不是很清楚)。

应该解决这个问题的解决方案是：

pipenv uninstall django-graphql-jwt django-graphene graphene graphql
# followed by:
pipenv install 'django-graphql-jwt<0.3.2'

Answer 2

根据PyPI https://pypi.org/project/graphene-django/的说法，问题似乎是graphene-django只有2.15.0版本。但是由于某些原因，在这个库django-graphql-jwt的commit中，它请求一个版本的3.0.0b1。我认为这就是日志中显示的问题：

ERROR: Could not find a version that matches graphene-django>=3.0.0b1 (from -r /tmp/pipenvcczdc6ayrequirements/pipenv-eg1jqra7-constraints.txt (line 3))

显然，在这个commit中，仍然支持最新的graphene-django版本。所以我猜可能会降级到：

django-graphql-jwt="0.3.1"

而不是0.3.2应该解决这个问题。在这种情况下，您可以向他们报告问题。

Answer 3

实际上，Pipenv没有足够智能的依赖解析器。我遇到了类似的问题，并切换到poetry。Poetry会将您的依赖项解析为符合约束且彼此不冲突的最新版本。Poetry也比Pipenv快得多，并提供了更好的用户体验。

# pyproject.toml

[build-system]
requires = ["poetry>=1.12"]
build-backend = "poetry.masonry.api"

[tool.poetry]
name = "sample"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Sample"
authors = []

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "~3.7"

django = "*"
django-graphql-jwt = "*"
pyjwt = "1.7.1"
django-cors-headers = "*"
graphene-django = "*"

在shell中：

$ poetry --version
Poetry version 1.1.6

$ poetry lock
Updating dependencies
Resolving dependencies... (15.3s)

Writing lock file

$ poetry install
Installing dependencies from lock file

Package operations: 17 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals

  • Installing six (1.16.0)
  • Installing promise (2.3)
  • Installing rx (1.6.1)
  • Installing graphql-core (2.3.2)
  • Installing typing-extensions (3.10.0.0)
  • Installing aniso8601 (7.0.0)
  • Installing asgiref (3.3.4)
  • Installing graphql-relay (2.0.1)
  • Installing pytz (2021.1)
  • Installing django (3.2.3)
  • Installing graphene (2.1.8)
  • Installing singledispatch (3.6.2)
  • Installing text-unidecode (1.3)
  • Installing graphene-django (2.15.0)
  • Installing pyjwt (1.7.1)
  • Installing django-cors-headers (3.7.0)
  • Installing django-graphql-jwt (0.3.1)