创建具有标准JSON架构的MongoDB集合

Question

我想使用JSON schema文件创建一个MongoDB集合。

假设JSON文件address.schema.json包含地址信息模式(this file is one of the Json-schema.org's examples)：

{
  "$id": "https://example.com/address.schema.json",
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
  "description": "An address similar to http://microformats.org/wiki/h-card",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "post-office-box": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "extended-address": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "street-address": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "locality": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "region": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "postal-code": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "country-name": {
      "type": "string"
    }
  },
  "required": [ "locality", "region", "country-name" ],
  "dependencies": {
    "post-office-box": [ "street-address" ],
    "extended-address": [ "street-address" ]
  }
}

使用上面的模式创建MongoDB集合的MongoDB命令是什么，比如mongoimport或db.createCollection？

如果我可以在MongoDB中直接使用文件，而不需要手动更改文件格式，那就太好了。

我想知道JSON schema格式是否是标准格式，为什么我需要将其更改为适用于MongoDB。为什么MongoDB没有内置此功能？

Answer 1

您可以通过createCollection命令或shell helper创建它：

db.createCollection(
    "mycollection", 
    {validator:{$jsonSchema:{
        "description": "An address similar to http://microformats.org/wiki/h-card",
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
           "post-office-box": {       "type": "string"     },
           "extended-address": {       "type": "string"     },
           "street-address": {       "type": "string"     },
           "locality": {       "type": "string"     },
           "region": {       "type": "string"     },
           "postal-code": {       "type": "string"     },
           "country-name": {       "type": "string"     } 
        },
        "required": [ "locality", "region", "country-name" ],
        "dependencies": {
            "post-office-box": [ "street-address" ],
            "extended-address": [ "street-address" ]
        } 
  }}})

如果要使用存在于bson中但不存在于通用json模式中的类型，则只需指定bsonType而不是type。您必须删除$id和$schema行，因为MongoDB JSON schema support (documented here)不支持这两行。

Answer 2

您可以使用的惟一选项是在创建集合时添加jsonSchema验证器：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/jsonSchema/#document-validator。这意味着您要在集合中插入/更新的任何文档都必须与提供的架构匹配