SimpleJdbcInsert插入失败，因为自动生成的id为空(HSQLDB)

Question

大家早上好

我正在使用HSQLDB对一个带有JUnit的项目的持久层进行单元测试。该项目将Spring与Hibernate + JPA结合使用。我正在使用Spring的SimpleJdbcInsert在数据库中插入一些数据以进行测试。然而，每当我尝试插入一些东西时，我都会得到：org.hsqldb.HsqlException: violación del restricción de integridad: restricción ('check') NOT NULL; SYS_CT_10137 table: PICTURE column: PICTURE_ID，如下所示：

org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: PreparedStatementCallback; SQL [INSERT INTO picture (DATA, MIME_TYPE, NAME, SIZE) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)]; violación del restricción de integridad: restricción ('check') NOT NULL; SYS_CT_10137 table: PICTURE column: PICTURE_ID; nested exception is java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: violación del restricción de integridad: restricción ('check') NOT NULL; SYS_CT_10137 table: PICTURE column: PICTURE_ID

    at org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLExceptionSubclassTranslator.doTranslate(SQLExceptionSubclassTranslator.java:85)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.support.AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.translate(AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.java:73)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.support.AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.translate(AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.java:81)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.execute(JdbcTemplate.java:645)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.update(JdbcTemplate.java:866)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.update(JdbcTemplate.java:927)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.update(JdbcTemplate.java:932)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.AbstractJdbcInsert.executeInsertInternal(AbstractJdbcInsert.java:362)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.AbstractJdbcInsert.doExecute(AbstractJdbcInsert.java:341)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcInsert.execute(SimpleJdbcInsert.java:122)
    at ar.edu.itba.paw.tests.AppointmentDaoImplTest.insertPicture(AppointmentDaoImplTest.java:330)
    at ar.edu.itba.paw.tests.AppointmentDaoImplTest.insertUser(AppointmentDaoImplTest.java:345)
    at ar.edu.itba.paw.tests.AppointmentDaoImplTest.insertPatient(AppointmentDaoImplTest.java:449)
    at ar.edu.itba.paw.tests.AppointmentDaoImplTest.testCreateAppointmentSuccessfully(AppointmentDaoImplTest.java:557)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
    at org.junit.rules.ExpectedException$ExpectedExceptionStatement.evaluate(ExpectedException.java:168)
    at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:254)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
    at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: violación del restricción de integridad: restricción ('check') NOT NULL; SYS_CT_10137 table: PICTURE column: PICTURE_ID
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCUtil.sqlException(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCUtil.sqlException(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCPreparedStatement.fetchResult(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(Unknown Source)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate$2.doInPreparedStatement(JdbcTemplate.java:873)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate$2.doInPreparedStatement(JdbcTemplate.java:866)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.execute(JdbcTemplate.java:629)
    ... 41 more
Caused by: org.hsqldb.HsqlException: violación del restricción de integridad: restricción ('check') NOT NULL; SYS_CT_10137 table: PICTURE column: PICTURE_ID
    at org.hsqldb.error.Error.error(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.Table.enforceRowConstraints(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.Table.insertSingleRow(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.StatementDML.insertSingleRow(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.StatementInsert.getResult(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.StatementDMQL.execute(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.Session.executeCompiledStatement(Unknown Source)
    at org.hsqldb.Session.execute(Unknown Source)
    ... 46 more

下面是我的测试( insertPatient()失败的地方)：

@Test
public void testCreateAppointmentSuccessfully() {
    cleanAllTables();
    insertPatient();

    ... some code ...
}

insertPatient函数( insertPicture()失败的地方)：

private void insertPatient() {
    insertUser();

    ... some code ...
}

private void insertUser() {
    insertPicture();

    ... some code ...
}

private void insertPicture() {
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("data", IMG_DATA);
    map.put("mime_type", MIME_TYPE);
    map.put("size", IMG_SIZE);
    map.put("name", PICTURE);
    pictureJdbcInsert.execute(map);
}

SimpleJdbcInsert pictureJdbcInsert实例的设置方法如下：

@Before
public void setUp(){
    this.pictureJdbcInsert = new SimpleJdbcInsert(this.ds)
                .withTableName(PICTURES_TABLE) // private static final String PICTURES_TABLE = "picture";
                .usingGeneratedKeyColumns("picture_id");

    ... some code ...
}

测试类被标注为schema.sql的@Sql(scripts = "classpath:sql/schema.sql")

create table if not exists picture
(
    picture_id identity        not null constraint picture_pk primary key,
    name      varchar(1023),
    mime_type varchar(255)     not null,
    size      bigint           not null default 0,
    data      varbinary(65535) not null
);

... some more tables ...

正如您所看到的，我不会手动放置密钥。我希望usingGeneratedKeyColumns方法能自动为我生成它。从堆栈跟踪中，我了解到正在尝试执行以下查询：INSERT INTO picture (DATA, MIME_TYPE, NAME, SIZE) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)，其中?被映射中的相应值替换，但由于没有指定picture_id的值而失败。我不明白这是不是会发生，因为schema.sql文件指定picture_id是identity类型，这意味着它是自动生成的，默认情况下从0开始，增量为1。

我一直在尝试并寻找解决方案，但一切都表明这应该是可行的。

Answer 1

实际的问题出在configuration类中。我在EntityManagerFactory bean中有这个properties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");。因此，JPA在运行schema.sql文件之前创建了表。这导致picture_id列不是identity类型。从bean中删除该行就解决了这个问题。

Answer 2

在使用usingGeneratedKeyColumns()方法时，似乎必须使用相应的方法executeAndReturnKey()而不是execute()来在插入时自动生成密钥。使用execute方法，您需要在参数映射中提供picture_id列和值。

请看本指南的5.1节，了解这种差异的一个示例：https://www.baeldung.com/spring-jdbc-jdbctemplate

因此，在您的代码中，您可以这样做：

private void insertPicture() {
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("data", IMG_DATA);
    map.put("mime_type", MIME_TYPE);
    map.put("size", IMG_SIZE);
    map.put("name", PICTURE);
    Number id = pictureJdbcInsert.executeAndReturnKey(map);
}

如果愿意，您可以捕获或丢弃返回的id值。