如何在elasticsearch中根据索引字段值(Data)的优先级获取搜索结果

Question

让我们假设我正在搜索一个关键字“数据结构”，我们有3本不同的书，包括关键字“数据结构”，它们有3种不同的装订风格(例如。平装本、精装本和电子书)和ISBN是不同的装订风格。如果我对每本书分别进行索引，那么我总共会得到9 (3*3)个索引文档，所有文档都会出现在搜索结果中。假设我优先选择装帧风格: 1-平装本，2-精装本，3-电子书。因此，根据装帧方式的优先级，只有三种结果(图书-1的平装，图书-2的平装，图书-3的平装)。如果Book-2的平装本不可用，则结果应该是( book-1的平装本，Book-2的精装本，Book-3的平装本)。

我的索引文档是：

        "bindingStyle": "HBK3",
        "keywords": "V AMERICAN 30 ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY ANNALS SOCIETY",
        "subjectGroup": "Professional (DRM-Free)",
        "isbn": "9780881634624",
        "imprint": "Routledge",
        "edition": 1,
        "subjectGroupCode": "150",
        "originator": [
            {
                "role": "HG",
                "name": "Lois T. Flaherty",
                "id": 2808300
            }
        ],
        "title": "Adolescent Psychiatry, V. 30",
        "reviewsForExport": null,
        "features": null,
        "cpdClassification": false,
        "titleNotTokenized": false,
        "id": 74300,
        "recentBooks": true,
        "relatedBindings": [
            "9781138005921",
            "9780203837597"
        ],
        "sku": "ER9247",
        "publicationDate": 1191369600000,
        "backCoverCopy": "<P>Lois T Flaherty, M.D., is a child and adolescent psychiatrist on the teaching faculty of Harvard University and the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A past president of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry and a consultant to the Center for School Mental Health Assistance in Baltimore, Dr. Flaherty remains active in school-based mental health programs and community psychiatry.</P>",
        "hdclassification": false,
        "countryRestriction": [],
        "shortDescription": "The period of adolescence can be a time of great creativity, as new intellectual capacities emerge, and as the individual adolescent attempts to make sense out of inner and outer experience. Volume 30 of Adolescent Psychiatry addresses the ways in which adolescent experience is transmuted into ",
        "pdClassification": false,
        "bestSellerStatus": false,
        "application": "UBW",
        "series": [],
        "sortByPublicationDate": 1191369600000,
        "subtitle": "The Annals of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry",
        "gtLastUpdate": 1536932063000,
        "imprintCode": "IMPR",
        "isbn10": "088163462X",
        "category": [
            "SCBE0505",
            "SCBE0545"
        ],
        "inventoryStatusCode": [
            {
                "distributionCenterCode": "USNY",
                "inventoryStatusCode": "LFB"
            },
            {
                "distributionCenterCode": "LOC1",
                "inventoryStatusCode": "LFB"
            },
            {
                "distributionCenterCode": "SING",
                "inventoryStatusCode": "LFB"
            },
            {
                "distributionCenterCode": "USFL",
                "inventoryStatusCode": "LFB"
            },
            {
                "distributionCenterCode": "AUS",
                "inventoryStatusCode": "LFB"
            }
        ]

我写的搜索查询是：

   "query":{ 
      "bool":{ 
         "must":[ 

         ],
         "must_not":[ 
            { 
               "match":{ 
                  "countryRestriction":"US"
               }
            },
            { 
               "match":{ 
                  "inventoryStatusCode":"PLZ"
               }
            },
            { 
               "match":{ 
                  "imprintCode":"IMPGP"
               }
            }
         ],
         "should":[ 
            { 
               "query_string":{ 
                  "query":"Handbook of Bipolar Disorder",
                  "fields":[
                     "title",
                     "subtitle",
                     "isbn",
                     "isbn10",
                     "keywords"
                  ]
               }
            },
            { 
               "nested":{ 
                  "path":"originator",
                  "score_mode":"avg",
                  "query":{ 
                     "query_string":{ 
                        "query":"Handbook of Bipolar Disorder",
                        "fields":[ 
                           "originator.name",
                           "originator.role"
                        ]
                     }
                  }
               }
            },
            { 
               "nested":{ 
                  "path":"series",
                  "score_mode":"avg",
                  "query":{ 
                     "query_string":{ 
                        "query":"Handbook of Bipolar Disorder",
                        "fields":[ 
                           "series.series",
                           "series.seriesCode"
                        ]
                     }
                  }
               }
            }
         ],
         "minimum_should_match": 1,
         "filter":[ 
            { 
               "range":{ 
                  "publicationDate":{ 
                     "gte":-1574400600000
                  }
               }
            },
            { 
               "range":{ 
                  "publicationDate":{ 
                     "lte":1597775400000
                  }
               }
            }
         ]
      }
   },
   "from":0,
   "size":10,
   "sort":[],
   "aggs":{ 

   }
}```

How can I apply priority on bindingStyle so that It will reject all lower priority documents for a Book.

Answer 1

如果可以为不同的装订风格添加新字段bindStyleId，例如平装本:1，精装本:2和电子书:3。使用Field collapsing可以解决问题。折叠返回每个折叠关键字(Group by) `查询的前1个排序文档

{
   "query": {
                ...... --> your query
            },
   "collapse" : {
                 "field" : "bindStyleId"-->new numeric Id for binding style to enable sort
                },
    "sort": ["bindStyleId"]
}