如何将python3安装还原为Ubuntu上的默认安装

Question

我使用的是Ubuntu 21.04。我删除了/usr/bin/python3和/usr/lib/python3/，因为一些软件包给出了二进制文件的错误。我打算重新安装python3到一个全新的状态，但我不知道删除这些文件会破坏我的系统。所有apt命令都不起作用。他们给出了一个错误，显示为E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)。这就是我使用sudo apt --fix-broken install得到的结果

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  g++-8 g++-9 libaccinj64-11.2 libcub-dev libcublas11 libcublaslt11 libcudart11.0
  libcufft10 libcufftw10 libcuinj64-11.2 libcupti-dev libcupti-doc libcupti11.2
  libcurand10 libcusolver11 libcusolvermg11 libcusparse11 libllvm11:i386 libluajit-5.1-2
  libluajit-5.1-common libnppc11 libnppial11 libnppicc11 libnppidei11 libnppif11
  libnppig11 libnppim11 libnppist11 libnppisu11 libnppitc11 libnpps11 libnvblas11
  libnvjpeg11 libnvrtc11.2 libnvtoolsext1 libnvvm4 libobs0 libthrust-dev libvdpau-dev
  node-html5shiv nsight-compute nsight-compute-target nsight-systems
  nsight-systems-target nvidia-cuda-gdb nvidia-cuda-toolkit-doc nvidia-opencl-dev
  nvidia-profiler nvidia-visual-profiler obs-plugins ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-c-headers
  opencl-clhpp-headers
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up tlpui (0.1.20210103-1~focal0) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/tlpui.postinst: 6: py3compile: not found
dpkg: error processing package tlpui (--configure):
 installed tlpui package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 12
7
Errors were encountered while processing:
 tlpui
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

sudo dpkg --configure -a给出

Setting up tlpui (0.1.20210103-1~focal0) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/tlpui.postinst: 6: py3compile: not found
dpkg: error processing package tlpui (--configure):
 installed tlpui package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 tlpui

如何在不重新安装操作系统的情况下将所有内容恢复到原始状态？我在/usr/lib/有python3.9。我是否可以配置所有东西来使用这个python，并让所有东西都正常工作？

另外，当我在终端中输入python3时，我忘了提一下它是有效的。更准确地说，我在使用python3时得到如下结果

Python 3.8.7 (default, Jun 21 2021, 14:17:23) 
[GCC 10.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

Answer 1

你说你删除/usr/bin/python3和/usr/lib/python3/是因为一些包的问题，除非你真的知道你在做什么，否则绝对不鼓励这样做。处理Python包的更好方法是使用虚拟环境: Anaconda和pyenv都是不错的选择。

按照Github代码库中的ReadMe安装pyenv并不难：https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv

系统需要自己的Python来完成它的任务。除非您正在了解某些虚拟机上的系统本身，否则不要手动删除系统文件夹中的任何内容。如果您使用的是虚拟机，只需重新安装系统即可解决此问题。

如果您不想重新安装系统，最简单的方法是使用VMWare、Virtual Box或Parallels Desktops安装具有相同版本Ubuntu的虚拟机，然后将您删除的文件复制回您的系统。