如何在删除python之后修复未满足的依赖关系？

Question

我为安装一个应用程序而苦苦挣扎。在一些评论中，有人说我变得残忍，做了rm -rf /usr/lib/python2.7，然后我也做了同样的事情。在那之后，我做了sudo apt purge python2.7-minimal，现在我的系统完全崩溃了，例如，当我执行sudo apt upgrade时，我得到：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gimp : Depends: python:any (>= 2.6.6-7~)
 libboost-mpi-python1.58.0 : Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
                             Depends: python (>= 2.7~) but it is not installed
                             Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 libboost-python1.58-dev : Depends: python-dev but it is not installed
                           Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                           Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
                           Depends: python (>= 2.5) but it is not installed or
                                    python-celementtree but it is not installable or
                                    python-elementtree but it is not installable
 ndiff : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
         Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-bs4 : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-cairo : Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
                Depends: python (>= 2.7~) but it is not installed
                Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-chardet : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                  Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
                  Depends: python-pkg-resources but it is not installed
 python-dbus : Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
               Depends: python (>= 2.7~) but it is not installed
               Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-gi : Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
             Depends: python (>= 2.7~) but it is not installed
             Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-gobject-2 : Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
                    Depends: python (>= 2.7~) but it is not installed
                    Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-gtk2 : Depends: python (>= 2.7) but it is not installed
               Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
 python-html5lib : Depends: python-six but it is not installed
                   Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                   Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-lxml : Depends: python (>= 2.7) but it is not installed
               Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
 python-pip : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
              Recommends: python-all-dev (>= 2.6) but it is not installed
 python-setuptools : Depends: python-pkg-resources (= 20.7.0-1) but it is not installed
                     Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                     Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-wheel : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-xlib : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
               Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 speedtest-cli : Depends: python (>= 2.7) but it is not installed
                 Depends: python (< 2.8) but it is not installed
                 Depends: python-pkg-resources but it is not installed

当我发布sudo apt-get -f install时，我得到：

The following additional packages will be installed:
  python python-dev python-pkg-resources python-six python2.7-dev
Suggested packages:
  python-doc python-tk
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  python python-dev python-pkg-resources python-six python2.7-dev
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
21 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/533 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,465 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Setting up python2.7-minimal (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.2) ...
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
python2.7: can't open file '/usr/lib/python2.7/py_compile.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing package python2.7-minimal (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-minimal:
 python-minimal depends on python2.7-minimal (>= 2.7.11-1~); however:
  Package python2.7-minimal is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-minimal (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          Errors were encountered while processing:
 python2.7-minimal
 python-minimal
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我现在该怎么办！？我怎么才能弥补我毁了的东西！？

Answer 1

如果您能够访问一些运行良好的ubuntu，您可以修复这个问题：

apt download python2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python2.7

然后，您必须将基本文件复制到您自己的系统中：

sudo scp you@yourserver:/usr/lib/python2.7/*.py /usr/lib/python2.7/
sudo scp -r you@yourserver:/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/python2.7/
sudo scp -r you@yourserver:/usr/lib/python2.7/logging /usr/lib/python2.7/
sudo scp -r you@yourserver:/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings /usr/lib/python2.7/

然后，您应该使用dpkg来安装python：

sudo dpkg -i python2.7-minimal_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.2_amd64.deb libpython2.7-stdlib_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.2_amd64.deb python2.7_2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.2_amd64.deb

那么，你应该让自己去处理所有事情：

sudo apt-get install -f

然后，您可以验证apt是否很好地处理了：

sudo apt upgrade

Answer 2

基本的系统服务(如apt)依赖于Python，因此您的系统现在很可能严重损坏。

你有两个选择：

• 您可以使用dpkg手动重新安装每个python包。
• 你可以备份你的数据并做一个干净的安装。

对于技术熟练的用户来说，第一个选择可能是快速和相当容易的。对于大多数常规用户来说，第二种选择可能更快、更容易。