如何解决安装GitKraken.deb时的Lintian错误？

Question

试图在Ubuntu16.04上安装GitKraken .deb，我收到以下消息：Unleash your repo

在GDebi包安装程序上，我得到以下错误：

Litian Output
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 1
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of changelog-file-missing-in-native-package for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 2
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of copyright-file-contains-full-apache-2-license for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 3
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of copyright-should-refer-to-common-license-file-for-apache-2 for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 4
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of embedded-library for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 5
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of package-installs-python-bytecode for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 6
E: gitkraken: malformed-override Override of unstripped-binary-or-object for package type atom (expecting binary) at line 7
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken: srtp
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken: libpng
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken: sqlite
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken: libxml2
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken: lcms2
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken: libjpeg
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/libffmpeg.so
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/libffmpeg.so: libavutil
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/libnode.so
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/libnode.so: zlib
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/libnode.so: openssl
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/build/Release/system_idle_time.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/build/Release/system_idle_time.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/build/Release/findGitRepos.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/build/Release/findGitRepos.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/build/Release/keyboard-layout-manager.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/build/Release/keyboard-layout-manager.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/Release/pty.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/Release/pty.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node: zlib
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node: openssl
E: gitkraken: embedded-library usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node: libssh2
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/build/Release/nsfw.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/build/Release/nsfw.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/build/Release/pathwatcher.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/build/Release/pathwatcher.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/build/Release/runas.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/build/Release/runas.node
E: gitkraken: arch-dependent-file-in-usr-share usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/build/Release/segfault-handler.node
E: gitkraken: unstripped-binary-or-object usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/build/Release/segfault-handler.node
E: gitkraken: missing-dependency-on-libc needed by usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken and 12 others
E: gitkraken: changelog-file-missing-in-native-package
E: gitkraken: extended-description-is-empty
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/bin/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: symlink-should-be-relative usr/bin/gitkraken /usr/share/gitkraken/gitkraken
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/applications/gitkraken.desktop 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/doc/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: extra-license-file usr/share/gitkraken/LICENSE
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/locales/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/7zip/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/7zip/7zip-lite/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/7zip/7zip-lite/7-zip.dll 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/7zip/7zip-lite/7-zip32.dll 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/7zip/7zip-lite/7z.dll 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/7zip/7zip-lite/7z.exe 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/build/Release/system_idle_time.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/build/Release/findGitRepos.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/build/Release/keyboard-layout-manager.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/Release/pty.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/build/Release/nsfw.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/build/Release/pathwatcher.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/build/Release/runas.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/build/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/build/Release/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/build/Release/segfault-handler.node 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/src/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/src/THIRD-PARTY-LICENSES.txt 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: non-standard-dir-perm usr/share/lintian/ 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-executable-perm usr/share/lintian/overrides/gitkraken 0775 != 0755
W: gitkraken: non-standard-file-perm usr/share/pixmaps/app.png 0664 != 0644
W: gitkraken: binary-without-manpage usr/bin/gitkraken
W: gitkraken: executable-not-elf-or-script usr/share/lintian/overrides/gitkraken
E: gitkraken: shlib-with-executable-bit usr/share/gitkraken/libnode.so 0755
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/@paulcbetts/system-idle-time/build/Release/system_idle_time.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/find-git-repositories/build/Release/findGitRepos.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keyboard-layout/build/Release/keyboard-layout-manager.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/Release/pty.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-executable-stack usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nodegit/build/Release/nodegit.node
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/nsfw/build/Release/nsfw.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/pathwatcher/build/Release/pathwatcher.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/runas/build/Release/runas.node 0664
W: gitkraken: shlib-with-bad-permissions usr/share/gitkraken/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/segfault-handler/build/Release/segfault-handler.node 0664

Lintian finished with exit status 1

对如何解决这个问题有任何猜测吗？

Answer 1

如您所见，gdebi调用lintian来检查您正在安装的.deb是否存在“错误”或debian (打包)策略违规。

所以这个答案有两个部分

首先，gdebi应该安装了gitkraken包(.deb)及其依赖项。

所以，试试gitkraken，看看它是否有效(并更新您的问题)。

这个答案的第二部分是关于lintian的一些一般信息。

通常，在理想的世界中，包维护人员会检查他们的工作，如果你愿意的话，通过运行lintian并修复它抛出的任何警告/错误。

有关详细信息，请参阅http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/packaging-new-software.html#next-steps获取详细信息：

即使它构建了.deb二进制包，您的打包也可能有错误。我们的工具lintian可以自动检测到许多错误，这些错误可以在源.dsc元数据文件、.deb二进制包或.changes文件上运行：

另见https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/checkit.en.html#lintians

在.changes文件上运行lintian(1)。lintian命令运行许多测试脚本来检查许多常见的打包错误。错误；肯定的策略违反或包装错误。W:用于警告；可能的策略违规或包装错误。I:获取信息；有关包装某些方面的信息。N:值得注意；一条帮助您调试的详细消息。O:用于重写；由lintian重写文件重写但由-显示重写选项显示的消息。

因此，理想情况下，包维护人员应该运行lintian并“修复”任何错误。

实际上，包并不像我们希望的那样“干净”，或者在您的gitkraken包中有许多警告。

如果你想要更多的信息，你可以谷歌'lintian非标准-dir-perm‘，这将导致本页。

https://lintian.debian.org/tags/non-standard-dir-perm.html

该目录的模式与0755不同，它不是已知的异常之一。有关详细信息，请参阅Debian策略手册第10.9节(权限和所有者)。严重性:正常，确定:可能的检查:文件，类型:二进制，udeb

至少，这就是我个人查找lintian消息的方式，您可以使用命令行选项，但我发现网页中有指向Debian (打包)策略的链接，内容更丰富。

作为最终用户，您有三个选项：

• 如果包安装和工作，您可能可以忽略这些消息，大多数用户这样做。
• 您可以阅读所有这些策略违规，并(如果可能的话)自己修复(如果可能的话)安装后(主要的头痛，很少有人这样做)。
• 提交一份错误报告，并要求制作包的人检查他们的工作。他们可能这样做，也可能不这样做。
• 如果包没有安装，那么您无论如何都必须提交一个错误报告，并且包含来自lintian的错误可能会有所帮助(没有看到它，但可能会发生)。

因此，总之，如果包工作正常，几乎可以肯定地忽略了lintian输出(这是大多数人所做的)。