libtinfo，libtag1-vanilla，libical1a，libtag1c2a

Question

在升级到16.04LTS时，我遇到了以下无法解决的依赖关系

root@computer:/opt# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good : Depends: libtag1v5 (>= 1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1) but it is not installed
 libncurses5 : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) but 6.0+20161126-1 is installed
 libncurses5-dev : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) but 6.0+20161126-1 is installed
 libtinfo-dev : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) but 6.0+20161126-1 is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

如果我然后手动下载libtag1v5 1.9.1.2.4ubuntu1，

root@computer:/opt# dpkg -i libtag1v5_1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package libtag1v5:i386.
dpkg: considering removing libtag1c2a in favour of libtag1v5:i386 ...
dpkg: libtag1c2a is not properly installed; ignoring any dependencies on it
dpkg: yes, will remove libtag1c2a in favour of libtag1v5:i386
(Reading database ... 1081893 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libtag1v5_1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libtag1v5:i386 (1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libtag1v5:i386:
 libtag1v5:i386 depends on libtag1v5-vanilla (= 1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1); however:
  Package libtag1v5-vanilla:i386 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package libtag1v5:i386 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu9) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libtag1v5:i386

然后追踪那个依赖问题…

root@computer:/opt# dpkg -r libtag1c2a
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove libtag1c2a, only the config
 files of which are on the system; use --purge to remove them too

root@computer:/opt# dpkg  --purge libtag1c2a
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of libtag1c2a:
 gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386 depends on libtag1c2a (>= 1.5).

dpkg: error processing package libtag1c2a (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libtag1c2a

首先，gstreamer1.0-plugins-good是我试图纠正的包。

我不知道我的大脑是被烧焦了还是真的遇到了循环引用。

⋮

我还认为我已经开始使用libtinfo、libtag*、libtag*vanilla和libncursesw5来实现循环依赖。例如，对于libtinfo：

root@computer:/opt# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gstreamer0.10-plugins-good : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.5) but it is not installable
 libncurses5 : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) but 6.0+20161126-1 is installed
 libncurses5-dev : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) but 6.0+20161126-1 is installed
 libtag1v5 : Depends: libtag1v5-vanilla (= 1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1) but it is not installed
 libtinfo-dev : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) but 6.0+20161126-1 is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

好的，让我们来看看dpkg -i libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1)…

root@computer:/opt# dpkg -i libtinfo5_6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1_i386.deb 
dpkg: warning: downgrading libtinfo5:i386 from 6.0+20161126-1 to 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1
(Reading database ... 1081890 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libtinfo5_6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libtinfo5:i386 (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) over (6.0+20161126-1) ...
Setting up libtinfo5:i386 (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu9) ...




root@computer:/opt# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gstreamer0.10-plugins-good : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.5) but it is not installable
 libncursesw5 : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20161126-1) but 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 is installed
 libtag1v5 : Depends: libtag1v5-vanilla (= 1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1) but it is not installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

因此，libncursesw5需要libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20161126-1)，而另一个库则需要20160213版本。此外，libncursesw5是不可移动的，因为procps依赖于它，而不能删除的重要系统组件(例如，xdm)依赖于procps。

root@computer:/opt# dpkg -i libtinfo5_6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1_i386.deb 
dpkg: warning: downgrading libtinfo5:i386 from 6.0+20161126-1 to 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1
(Reading database ... 1081890 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libtinfo5_6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libtinfo5:i386 (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) over (6.0+20161126-1) ...
Setting up libtinfo5:i386 (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu9) ...
root@computer:/opt# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gstreamer0.10-plugins-good : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.5) but it is not installable
 libncursesw5 : Depends: libtinfo5 (= 6.0+20161126-1) but 6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1 is installed
 libtag1v5 : Depends: libtag1v5-vanilla (= 1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1) but it is not installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies
root@computer:/opt# ls libtag*
libtag1c2a_1.5-3_i386.deb    libtag1v5_1.11.1+dfsg.1-0.1_i386.deb  libtag1v5-vanilla_1.11.1+dfsg.1-0.1_i386.deb  libtag1-vanilla_1.9.1-2_i386.deb
libtag1c2a_1.9.1-2_i386.deb  libtag1v5_1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1_i386.deb   libtag1v5-vanilla_1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1_i386.deb
root@computer:/opt# dpkg -i libtag1c2a_1.5-3_i386.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package libtag1c2a.
dpkg: regarding libtag1c2a_1.5-3_i386.deb containing libtag1c2a:
 libtag1v5:i386 conflicts with libtag1c2a
  libtag1c2a (version 1.5-3) is to be installed.

dpkg: error processing archive libtag1c2a_1.5-3_i386.deb (--install):
 conflicting packages - not installing libtag1c2a
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libtag1c2a_1.5-3_i386.deb
root@computer:/opt# dpkg -r libtag1v5
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of libtag1v5:i386:
 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:i386 depends on libtag1v5 (>= 1.9.1-2.4ubuntu1).

dpkg: error processing package libtag1v5:i386 (--remove):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libtag1v5:i386

Answer 1

非常古老的(哈迪) libncursesw5_5.6+20071124-1ubuntu1_i386.deb似乎是必需的。

dselect比dpkg容易。

从@doug的评论中注意到，从debian安装软件包是个坏主意。.deb文件需要在名称中包含*ubuntu*。