如何安装pydot和graphviz？

Question

我正在运行一个需要pydot和graphviz的代码。我使用python3.5和ubuntu16.04LTS 64位。

  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/utils/vis_utils.py", line 17, in _check_pydot
    raise ImportError('Failed to import pydot. You must install pydot'
ImportError: Failed to import pydot. You must install pydot and graphviz for `pydotprint` to work.

我在googled上搜索了一下，然后发现我可以用代码pip install pydot安装pydot。但我知道这是个错误。我是乌本图的菜鸟，我不知道该怎么做。那么我该如何安装pydot呢？

deeplearning@deep-learning-virtual-machine:~$ pip install pydot
Collecting pydot
Collecting pyparsing>=2.1.4 (from pydot)
  Using cached pyparsing-2.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, pydot
  Found existing installation: pyparsing 2.0.3
    Uninstalling pyparsing-2.0.3:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/shutil.py", line 538, in move
    os.rename(src, real_dst)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/__pycache__/pyparsing.cpython-35.pyc' -> '/tmp/pip-45miiuxw-uninstall/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/__pycache__/pyparsing.cpython-35.pyc'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 778, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/shutil.py", line 553, in move
    os.unlink(src)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/__pycache__/pyparsing.cpython-35.pyc'

Answer 1

python和graphviz在所有当前支持的Ubuntu版本中都是默认的Ubuntu存储库。在所有当前支持的Ubuntu版本中，打开终端并键入：

sudo apt install python-pydot python-pydot-ng graphviz # python-pydot-ng isn't in the 14.04 repos

这个流程图是在Ubuntu中用graphviz创建的。因为graphviz使用内置的点编程语言(它包含在graphviz包中)，所以链接流程图的源代码在任何文本编辑器中都是可编辑的，即使python没有安装。

我不知道当您可以从Ubuntu存储库中获得pip时，为什么要安装带有pip的pydot，但是为了回答您的问题，我尝试了在pip3 install pydot虚拟环境中安装pydot，它成功了，所以您可能需要用sudo -H pip3 install --upgrade pip更新pip到最新版本。我使用pip3而不是pip，因为您在问题中写到您使用的是Python3.5。

Answer 2

因为您使用python 3，所以正确的命令应该是pip3 install pydot graphviz。您可以使用pip3安装sudo apt install python3-pip。

Answer 3

在Ubuntu 17.10上，非政府组织解决了以下问题：

sudo apt-get install python3-pydot graphviz
sudo pip3 install pydot_ng