blocks|key|1241444|text|cat+/etc/*-release应该能做到|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1241445|博士：https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html^0|0|I|0|3|1S|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|R|8|@]|D|@$9|S|A|T|1|U]]|E|$]]]|H|$I|$5|J|K|L|E|$M|N]]]]

<code>cat /etc/*-release</code> should do the trick

Docs: <a href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html" rel="noreferrer">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html</a>

blocks|key|1241473|text|除了..。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1241474|cat+/etc/*-release+|code-block|syntax|javascript|1241475|...this将告诉您内核版本和机器架构。|1241476|$+uname+-a|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]]|K|$]]

Apart from... 

<pre><code>cat /etc/*-release 
</code></pre>

...this will tell you kernel version and machine architecture.

<pre><code>$ uname -a
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2490006|text|你的任务很艰巨，我对你表示同情。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2490007|我建议您使用一个库，而不是重复其他人的工作。Python附带了一个名为“platform”的库，该库具有这样的功能：|2490008|python+-c+'import+platform;+print(platform.linux_distribution())'|code-block|syntax|javascript|2490009|然而，这仍然不是一个完整的解决方案，只是有太多的发行版。|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$]]

Your task is a difficult one and you have my sympathy.

I would recommend you use a library rather than repeating the work of others. Python ships with a library called 'platform' which has a function to do this:

<pre><code>python -c 'import platform; print(platform.linux_distribution())'
</code></pre>

However this is still not a complete solution, there are simply too many distributions.

blocks|key|2490153|text|如果您在系统中安装了ruby，则可以使用gem+install+facter安装facter，或者如果您安装了傀儡，则可以使用facter。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2490154|facter+os
{
++architecture+=>+"x86_64",
++family+=>+"RedHat",
++hardware+=>+"x86_64",
++name+=>+"CentOS",
++release+=>+{
++++full+=>+"7.2.1511",
++++major+=>+"7",
++++minor+=>+"2"
++},
++selinux+=>+{
++++config_mode+=>+"enforcing",
++++config_policy+=>+"targeted",
++++current_mode+=>+"permissive",
++++enabled+=>+true,
++++enforced+=>+false,
++++policy_version+=>+"28"
++}
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|entityMap^0|K|I|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@$9|M|A|N|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]]|K|$]]

If you have ruby gem installed in your system, you can install facter using <code>gem install facter</code> or if you have puppet installed, you can use facter

<pre><code>facter os
{
 architecture =&gt; "x86_64",
 family =&gt; "RedHat",
 hardware =&gt; "x86_64",
 name =&gt; "CentOS",
 release =&gt; {
 full =&gt; "7.2.1511",
 major =&gt; "7",
 minor =&gt; "2"
 },
 selinux =&gt; {
 config_mode =&gt; "enforcing",
 config_policy =&gt; "targeted",
 current_mode =&gt; "permissive",
 enabled =&gt; true,
 enforced =&gt; false,
 policy_version =&gt; "28"
 }
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1241774|text|在能够到达要扫描的所有主机的主机上安装Ansible。按照说明：http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_installation.html|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1241775|然后设置一个主机文件/etc/ansible/hosts。|style|CODE|1241776|[all]
overlord
10.10.10.2

[all:vars]
ansible_ssh_common_args='-o+StrictHostKeyChecking=no'
ansible_user=root
ansible_ssh_pass=RootPassword
#ansible_become=True
#ansible_become_method='sudo'
#ansible_become_pass=sudopassword|code-block|syntax|javascript|1241777|它可以是ip地址或dns名称，只要它是可解析的。如果您需要使用sudo取消注释并更改ansible_user+/+ansible_ssh_pass|1241778|运行安装模块从主机提取信息|1241779|#+ansible+-i+hosts+all+-m+setup+|1241780|对于所有事实，您可以使用|1241781|#+ansible+-i+hosts+overlord+-m+setup+-a+'filter=ansible_distribution*'
overlord+%7C+SUCCESS+=>+{
++++"ansible_facts":+{
++++++++"ansible_distribution":+"OracleLinux",
++++++++"ansible_distribution_major_version":+"7",
++++++++"ansible_distribution_release":+"NA",
++++++++"ansible_distribution_version":+"7.3"
++++},
++++"changed":+false
}|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_installation.html^0|W|1Q|0|0|A|I|0|0|16|C|1L|G|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@$A|14|B|15|1|16]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|17|8|@$A|18|B|19|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1B|8|@$A|1C|B|1D|F|G]|$A|1E|B|1F|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|J|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|J|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]]|W|$X|$5|Y|Z|10|C|$11|12]]]]

Install Ansible on a host that is able to reach all the hosts you want to scan. Follow the instructions:
<a href="http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_installation.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_installation.html</a>

Then set up a Hosts file <code>/etc/ansible/hosts</code>

<pre><code>[all]
overlord
10.10.10.2

[all:vars]
ansible_ssh_common_args='-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'
ansible_user=root
ansible_ssh_pass=RootPassword
#ansible_become=True
#ansible_become_method='sudo'
#ansible_become_pass=sudopassword
</code></pre>

It can be ip address or dns names, as long as it is resolvable. If you need to use sudo uncomment and change the <code>ansible_user</code> / <code>ansible_ssh_pass</code>

Run setup module to extract information from hosts

<pre><code># ansible -i hosts all -m setup 
</code></pre>

for all facts and you can filter the facts using 

<pre><code># ansible -i hosts overlord -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_distribution*'
overlord | SUCCESS =&gt; {
 "ansible_facts": {
 "ansible_distribution": "OracleLinux",
 "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
 "ansible_distribution_release": "NA",
 "ansible_distribution_version": "7.3"
 },
 "changed": false
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1241427|text|除了uname可用的选项之外，还可以检查/etc/issue|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1241428|/etc/发行手册|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/issue.5.html^0|2|5|K|A|0|0|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@$9|U|A|V|1|W]]|E|$]]]|H|$I|$5|J|K|L|E|$M|N]]]]

in addition to the options available with<code>uname</code> you can also check <code>/etc/issue</code>

<a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/issue.5.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">man-page of /etc/issue</a>

I want to detect linux distribution and version.

I searched with my favorite search engine and discovered <code>lsb_release</code>.

Unfortunately this tool is not installed by default.

I would like to avoid to install <code>lsb_release</code> first.

Is there no easier way to detect the linux distribution and version in a portable way?

With "portable" I mean different kind of linux distributions. Not *BSD or Windows.

How to detect linux distribution and version?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我想检测linux发行版和版本。我用我最喜欢的搜索引擎搜索，发现了lsb_release。不幸的是，默认情况下没有安装此工具。我想避免先安装lsb_release。有没有更简单的方法来以可移植的方式检测linux发行版和版本？使用“可移植”，我指的是不同类型的linux发行版。不是*BSD或Windows。

问如何检测linux发行版和版本？
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