ubuntu 14.04内核升级问题

Question

在更新内核4.4.0-45-泛型上运行Ubuntu14.04的内核时，我遇到了问题。当我运行apt-get update和apt-get upgrade之后，我的/boot驱动器就没有空间了。我去看看/boot，发现它已经安装了initrd.img-3.19.0-64泛型，通过initrd.img-3.19.0-73泛型，这似乎是不必要的。

基于/boot中的其他文件和我现在正在运行的内核，我认为我应该使用initrd.img-4.4.0-57泛型。因此，我不知道为什么upgrade要安装所有这些不必要的initrd.img (它没有为旧内核安装任何其他文件)。

按照几个地方关于如何清除/boot的建议，我手动删除了旧的initrd.img文件并重新运行apt-get upgrade。同样，它下载并安装相同的initrd包，耗尽空间，并失败。如何修复apt upgrade？如何防止它安装旧内核？任何帮助都将不胜感激。如果有用的话，下面是apt-get upgrade的完整输出：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  linux-generic-lts-vivid linux-generic-lts-xenial
  linux-headers-generic-lts-vivid linux-headers-generic-lts-xenial
  linux-image-generic-lts-vivid linux-image-generic-lts-xenial
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
10 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.103ubuntu4.6) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic (3.19.0-78.86~14.04.1) ...
Internal Error: Could not find image (/boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-78-generic)
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
Setting up linux-firmware (1.127.23) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-45-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-42-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-38-generic
grep: /boot/config-4.4.0-38-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-73-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-73-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-71-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-71-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-69-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-69-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-66-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-66-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-65-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-65-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-64-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-64-generic: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-61-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.19.0-61-generic: No such file or directory

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-61-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing package linux-firmware (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-extra-3.19.0-78-generic:
 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-78-generic depends on linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.19.0-78-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-lts-vivid:
 linux-image-generic-lts-vivid depends on linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic is not configured yet.
 linux-image-generic-lts-vivid depends on linux-image-extra-3.19.0-78-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-extra-3.19.0-78-generic is not configured yet.
 linux-image-generic-lts-vivid depends on linux-firmware; however:
  Package linux-firmware is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-image-generic-lts-vivid (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                   No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                                                 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                      ems prevent configuration of linux-generic-lts-vivid:
 linux-generic-lts-vivid depends on linux-image-generic-lts-vivid (= 3.19.0.78.60); however:
  Package linux-image-generic-lts-vivid is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic-lts-vivid (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic (4.4.0-57.78~14.04.1) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-57-generic
vmlinuz(/boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-57-generic
) points to /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-57-generic
 (/boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-57-generic) -- doing nothing at     /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic.postinst line 491.
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
    run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-57-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-57-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.0-57-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-57-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-57-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-57-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-57-generic

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-57-generic with 1.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic.postinst line 1052.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                          dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-generic:
 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-generic depends on linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                          No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
               dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic-lts-xenial:
 linux-image-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic is not configured yet.
 linux-image-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-generic is not configured yet.
 linux-image-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-firmware; however:
  Package linux-firmware is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-image-generic-lts-xenial (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-lts-xenial:
 linux-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-image-generic-lts-xenial (= 4.4.0.57.44); however:
  Package linux-image-generic-lts-xenial is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic-lts-xenial (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                          Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.103ubuntu4.6) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-45-generic

 gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-45-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                          Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.19.0-78-generic
 linux-firmware
 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-78-generic
 linux-image-generic-lts-vivid
 linux-generic-lts-vivid
 linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic
 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-generic
 linux-image-generic-lts-xenial
 linux-generic-lts-xenial
 initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

EDIT1:我试图删除这里描述的旧内核。

它在错误消息中失败：

Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-64-generic
 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-65-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
A package failed to install.  Trying to recover:

然后，我发现了一个非常相似的问题，它可能与我所经历的相同或类似。手动将所有linux-image-3.19.*从/var/lib/dpkg/info/中删除是一种选择吗？我想不是，但我不知道还能做些什么。

Answer 1

我通过使用synaptic删除这里描述的旧内核来解决这个问题。删除进程多次失败，因为为每个被删除的内核创建了一个文件initrd.img-x.xx.x-xx-generic.old-dkms，这导致我的/boot分区耗尽空间。我手动删除这些文件以释放空间，并重新启动删除。所有的更新和升级现在看起来都很好。