无法在Ubuntu 15.10中启动软件中心或软件更新程序

Question

几天前，我开始看到一个带白线的红色圆圈，上面写着：“在检查更新时，这是个问题”。

当我在该菜单中选择“显示更新”时，我会在syslog中看到以下内容：

May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: Traceback (most recent call last):
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/bin/update-manager", line 38, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from UpdateManager.UpdateManager import UpdateManager
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/UpdateManager.py", line 57, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from .MetaReleaseGObject import MetaRelease
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/MetaReleaseGObject.py", line 25, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from .Core.MetaRelease import MetaReleaseCore
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core/MetaRelease.py", line 25, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apt
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from apt.package import Package
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/package.py", line 42, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apt.progress.text
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: ImportError: No module named 'apt.progress'
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: Error in sys.excepthook:
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: Traceback (most recent call last):
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 63, in apport_excepthook
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from apport.report import Report
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 30, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apport.fileutils
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/fileutils.py", line 23, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from apport.packaging_impl import impl as packaging
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py", line 23, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apt
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from apt.package import Package
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/package.py", line 42, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apt.progress.text
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: ImportError: No module named 'apt.progress'
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: Original exception was:
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: Traceback (most recent call last):
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/bin/update-manager", line 38, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from UpdateManager.UpdateManager import UpdateManager
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/UpdateManager.py", line 57, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from .MetaReleaseGObject import MetaRelease
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/MetaReleaseGObject.py", line 25, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from .Core.MetaRelease import MetaReleaseCore
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core/MetaRelease.py", line 25, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apt
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: from apt.package import Package
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/package.py", line 42, in <module>
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: import apt.progress.text
May 23 10:00:05 scorpio gnome-session[2032]: ImportError: No module named 'apt.progress'

在运行Software时，我也会遇到类似的错误(关于apt.progress Python模块)。

在寻找答案时，我看到了很多关于软件更新程序的问题，但是它们似乎都没有解决这个问题。

在我在更新程序中单击“升级”之后，这种情况就开始发生了，但后来没有升级。最近，我还使用命令行的apt-get安装了mysql。我非常精通commoand (Solaris，OSX)，也精通Linux。我不知道我需要用Python做什么来解决这个问题。最近，我从OSX -> Ubuntu迁移了我的日常工作流程，并且不愿意尝试重新安装和重新配置一切，如果我没有必要的话。

Answer 1

似乎有一个包损坏了，丢失了一些重要的文件。您需要重新安装包python3-apt，为了安全起见，需要重新安装ubuntu-desktop：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop python3-apt

为了尽早甚至在将来自动检测损坏的包，您可以参考“有Ubuntu的健康检查吗？”。