后缀标头指出错误的IP

Question

我在Debian8.0上使用后缀2.11.3

我将后缀配置为运行多个实例(3)，每个连接到服务器的公共IP都有一个实例，以便根据服务平衡传出通信量。

我为所有子域配置了DKIM和SPF (每个IP有一个子域)，但有时我从GMail和其他提供程序那里接收SPF和DKIM失败，并查看标题，它看起来像是接收邮件服务器无法解析我的IP。

请检查以下标题，例如

Delivered-To: XX@XXXX.com
Received: by 10.28.221.87 with SMTP id u84csp184407wmg;
        Fri, 5 Jun 2015 19:26:17 -0700 (PDT)
X-Received: by 10.52.116.162 with SMTP id jx2mr11374004vdb.80.1433557576885;
        Fri, 05 Jun 2015 19:26:16 -0700 (PDT)
Return-Path: <chris@hello3.much.cheap>
Received: from hello3.much.cheap ([2607:5300:60:6516::])
        by mx.google.com with ESMTP id f2si9741219vdb.2.2015.06.05.19.26.14
        for <XX@XXXX.com>;
        Fri, 05 Jun 2015 19:26:15 -0700 (PDT)
Received-SPF: permerror (google.com: domain of chris@hello3.much.cheap uses a mechanism not recognized by this client. unknown  mechanisms: )) client-ip=2607:5300:60:6516::;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
       spf=permerror (google.com: domain of chris@hello3.much.cheap uses a mechanism not recognized by this client. unknown  mechanisms: )) smtp.mail=chris@hello3.much.cheap;
       dkim=pass header.i=@much.cheap;
       dmarc=pass (p=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=hello3.much.cheap
Message-Id: <55725a47.220a340a.cc4f.ffffada7SMTPIN_ADDED_MISSING@mx.google.com>
Received: from hello3.much.cheap (hello3.much.cheap [167.114.180.233])
    by hello3.much.cheap (Postfix) with ESMTP id 27F7940083
    for <XX@XXXX.com>; Fri,  5 Jun 2015 22:26:10 -0400 (EDT)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=much.cheap; s=hello;
    t=1433557570; bh=z/R8LvudDLyZmOBbw+42+SG7pLmnI+4/+E4YxHqibK4=;
    h=Date:To:From:Subject:From;
    b=tJdvbP1c+me6BwXx4Qayzwvw7GR+OFd/xG+OwCqXz/YNPVhTIS56HxGxRkEvnztTr
     ClouAavusckmwXfQ5GmwjWvzVlcIZc7eT9rkBrAL8Th+2YPXNiw4k36ZDRik9lfICp
     qpvcGIhruOCE4BBQFE31j2qEDTl6qVh2D0jSAbD8=
Received: from [167.114.180.233] by hello3.much.cheap with HTTP; Fri, 05 Jun 2015 22:26:09 -0400
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2015 22:26:10 -0400
To: XX@XXXX.com
From: Chris <chris@hello3.much.cheap>
Subject: Wonderful trip with family!
Bounces-To: chris@hello3.much.cheap

你可以看到SPF和DKIM都因为错误的解决ip: 2607:5300:60:6516:：最奇怪的事情是，在SPF和DKIM记录之后，google实际上可以看到我的真实IP ( 167.114.180.233：by hello3.much.cheap)。

错误不是常量，有时它得到正确的IP (167.114.180.233)，即使在第一个头和所有检查通过。

请注意，我不在防火墙/代理后面，相关的后缀实例绑定到正确的IP地址。

master.cf

67.114.180.233:2533     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd

main.cf

myorigin = hello3.much.cheap
myhostname = hello3.much.cheap
mydomain = hello3.much.cheap
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-3
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix-3
multi_instance_group = outgoing
multi_instance_name = postfix-3
inet_interfaces = all
smtp_bind_address = 167.114.180.233
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 167.114.64.22 167.114.180.232/29

smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject


milter_protocol = 2
milter_default_action = accept
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
multi_instance_enable = yes

smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix-3/generic

sender_canonical_classes = envelope_sender, header_sender
sender_canonical_maps =  regexp:/etc/postfix-3/sender_canonical_maps
smtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix-3/header_check
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix-3/header_check
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix-3/header_check
strict_mailbox_ownership = no

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

此标头

Received: from hello3.much.cheap ([2607:5300:60:6516::])
        by mx.google.com with ESMTP id f2si9741219vdb.2.2015.06.05.19.26.14
        for <XX@XXXX.com>;
        Fri, 05 Jun 2015 19:26:15 -0700 (PDT)

指示后缀通过mx.google.com通过IPv6发送电子邮件。在其他情况下，后缀将通过IPv4发送电子邮件。

SPF检查器mx.google.com将使用您的IPv6地址与SPF记录进行比较。

v=spf1 mx a ptr include:much.cheap ~all

正如你所看到的，IPv6记录没有被列在SPF记录中，因此google警告你SPF检查失败。服务器mx.google.com在解析IP地址时不会出错。是您的服务器将其与IPv6一起发送。

修复应该是添加IPv6记录到您的SPF。

我仍然不知道为什么后缀通过IPv6发送电子邮件，因为你有参数

smtp_bind_address = 167.114.180.233

但是，在详细级别上跟踪邮件日志可能会暴露问题。

Answer 2

它可能与DNS优先级规则相关。标准是先解决IPv6，然后解决IPv4。如果希望优先考虑IPv4，可以更改文件/etc/gai.conf，取消注释以下一行：

#precedence ::ffff:0:0/96 100