有问题的鱼子酱蓝硬盘？

Question

我们有一个小型的“自制”服务器，运行完全更新的Debian (amd64)。一个硬盘驱动器安装: WDC WD6400AAKS。主板是ASUS M4N68T V2。

通常的负荷：

• CPU:平均20%
• 每周约有50 is的额外空间被占用。大约47 3GB上传的文件和3GB的MySQL数据。

恐怕硬盘快坏了。在我跑步的时候，我在几个地方看到了失败前的情况：

root@SERVER:/tmp# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Blue Serial ATA
Device Model:     WDC WD6400AAKS-XXXXXXX
Serial Number:    WD-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee XXXXXXXXXXXXX
Firmware Version: 01.03B01
User Capacity:    640,135,028,736 bytes [640 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is:    Mon Oct 28 18:55:27 2013 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x85) Offline data collection activity
                    was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 247) Self-test routine in progress...
                    70% of test remaining.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (11580) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 136) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x303f) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   157   146   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       5108
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2968
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   079   079   000    Old_age   Always       -       15445
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2950
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       426
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       2968
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   111   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       36
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   160   000    Old_age   Always       -       21716
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   051    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     15444         -

Error SMART Read Selective Self-Test Log failed: scsi error aborted command
Smartctl: SMART Selective Self Test Log Read Failed
root@SERVER:/tmp# 

在一篇教程中，我读到“失败前”是未来失败的迹象，而在另一篇教程中，我读到的是不正确的。你们能帮我解码智能Can的输出吗？

如果我想要确保数据的完整性(在我感兴趣的整个期间，每周大约有50‘m的新数据，最高可达2TB )，那么分享建议也很好。也许我会去2x2TB鱼子酱黑色在RAID4？

Answer 1

如前所述，“预失败”文本仅指示条目的类型。根据条目的不同，并不是每个条目都是错误的。例如，Spin_Up_Time只计算驱动器启动的频率，Load_Cycle_Count计算头停的频率。

使我暂停的值是UDMA_CRC_Error_Count，为21716。这可能是由坏/松电缆或电子故障造成的。

如果存在表面误差，则Reallocated_Sector_Ct、Current_Pending_Sector或Offline_Uncorrectable上升。它们都是0，所以磁盘可能完全没有问题。

以下指示仍在运行测试：

Self-test execution status:      ( 247) Self-test routine in progress...
                    70% of test remaining.

一旦完成，应该在“智能自测试日志结构”中有另一个条目。您应该使用long测试(smartctl -t long)来获得有意义的结果。记录的测试只是一个很短的测试。

关于更高的数据完整性: RAID4至少需要3个磁盘，不再使用(由RAID5代替)。但是在您的例子中，无论是两个磁盘的RAID1还是4个磁盘的RAID10都是合适的。这两种模式使可用空间减少一半，但如果一个驱动器失效，则保持工作状态。RAID10的优点是速度更快，因为它将负载分配到更多的驱动器上，而取决于哪个驱动器失败，即使有2个失败的驱动器也能存活下来。如果一个磁盘足够快，RAID1也会足够快(写入速度相同，对于较大数据量的数据读取速度加倍)。

Answer 2

“无错误完成”

提到预失败的列表显示了它们的阈值可能出现的错误类型。最坏的值中没有一个超过阈值。

获取2个磁盘，使用RAID1或获取4个磁盘并使用RAID10。不使用RAID4。