从13升级到14后无法执行su或sudo

Question

我已经从13升级到14，在升级过程中发生了很多错误。现在，我无法访问root(通过su命令)或执行类似于sudo apt-get install something的内容。

注意:这不是在使用su或sudo时分割故障的副本。我试过贴在那里的答案，但没有用。请参阅下面的编辑1。

如果我试着：

    sudo apt-get install XXX

我知道这个错误：

    Errore di segmentazione (core dump creato)
    Segmentation fault (core dump created)

我怎样才能解决这个问题？

编辑1:

我刚刚尝试了aptdcon --fix-install在这里发布的答案：在使用su或sudo时分割故障，它返回了以下结果：

ERROR: Operazione di pacchetto non riuscita
Installazione o la rimozione di un pacchetto software non riuscita.

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libpam-winbind:amd64:
 libpam-winbind:amd64 depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package libpam-winbind:amd64 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba:
 samba depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of system-config-samba:
 system-config-samba depends on samba; however:
  Package samba is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package system-config-samba (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of winbind:
 winbind depends on samba (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba is not configured yet.
 winbind depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package winbind (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba-dsdb-modules:
 samba-dsdb-modules depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package samba-dsdb-modules (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libsmbclient:amd64:
 libsmbclient:amd64 depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package libsmbclient:amd64 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-samba:
 python-samba depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package python-samba (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba-vfs-modules:
 samba-vfs-modules depends on samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3); however:
  Package samba-libs is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package samba-vfs-modules (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

之后我试着逃跑：

echo \"$(dpkg --get-selections | grep install | cut -f 1)\"

和

aptdcon --reinstall "package1 package2 package3..."

使用生成的列表，返回以下结果：

ERROR: org.debian.apt.TransactionFailed - error-cache-broken:  I seguenti pacchetti presentano dipendenze non soddisfatte:                     

libnss-winbind: Depends: samba-common (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
                Depends: winbind (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
                Depends: libwbclient0 (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
                Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
libpam-smbpass: Depends: samba-common (= 2:3.6.18-1ubuntu3.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
libpam-winbind: Depends: samba-common (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
                Depends: winbind (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
                Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
libsmbclient: Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
python-samba: Depends: python (< 2.8) ma 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 è installato
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2) ma è un pacchetto virtuale
              Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
samba: Depends: heimdal-hdb-api-8 ma è un pacchetto virtuale
       Depends: samba-common (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
       Depends: samba-common-bin (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
       Depends: python (< 2.8) ma 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 è installato
       Depends: python2.7:any ma è un pacchetto virtuale
       Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
samba-common-bin: Depends: samba-common (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
                  Depends: python2.7:any ma è un pacchetto virtuale
                  Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
samba-dsdb-modules: Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
samba-vfs-modules: Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
smbclient: Depends: samba-common (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
           Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato
winbind: Depends: samba (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
         Depends: libwbclient0 (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3 è installato
         Depends: samba-libs (= 2:4.1.6+dfsg-1ubuntu2.14.04.3) ma non è installato

Answer 1

可能是你在系统上损坏了文件。可能是在升级过程中出了问题，或者升级在完成之前就停止了(可能是由于停电，还是磁盘空间不足？)

分割故障是在正常情况下不应发生的严重错误。

这个其他答案建议使用：

aptdcon --fix-install

这可能会导致您不得不重新安装一些其他软件包-请参阅其他的答案，以获得更多的细节。

在查看了更新的信息之后，似乎这就是提到的这里和这里的samba问题，升级/重新安装samba可能会破坏登录(包括sudo)。

它在本错误报告中进行了描述。

因此，您可以尝试清除所有与samba相关的包，然后重新安装samba (如果需要的话，或者完全删除它)。特别是，您需要清除libpam-smbpass。

因为不能使用sudo，所以需要通过Ubuntu通过启动屏幕上的“恢复模式”提供的单一用户模式来实现这一点。

引用错误报告中的话：

- Reboot and choose the "recovery mode" from the boot selection menu
- Choose "drop into root shell" from the recovery menu
- Execute the command: dpkg --purge libpam-smbpass