无法安装正确的Linux标头

Question

我试图在我的Kali上安装VMWare工作站播放器。但是，在尝试启动VMware时，我遇到了一个内核问题：

没有找到与正在运行的内核匹配的头文件。有关安装说明，请参阅发行版的文档。

我尝试使用apt installing $(uname -r)安装正确的标头，这给了我以下输出：

正在读取包列表...建立依赖树..。正在读取状态信息...警告: apt没有稳定的CLI接口。在脚本中谨慎使用。E:无法定位包linux-headers 4.12.0-kali1-AMD64E:无法通过glob‘linux-headers 4.12.0-kali1-add 64’找到任何包。E:无法通过regex‘linux-headers 4.12.0-kali1-amd64’找到任何包。

apt搜索linux-headers

aufs-dkms - DKMS files to build and install aufs
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-all - All header files for Linux 4.14 (meta-package)
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-all-amd64 - All header files for Linux 4.14 (meta-package)
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-amd64 - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-amd64
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-common - Common header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-common-rt - Common header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-rt
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64 - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64
linux-headers-amd64 - Header files for Linux amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-headers-rt-amd64 - Header files for Linux rt-amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-libc-dev-alpha-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-arm64-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-armel-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-armhf-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-hppa-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-m68k-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mips-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mips64-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mips64el-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mips64r6-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mips64r6el-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsel-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsn32-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsn32el-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsn32r6-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsn32r6el-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsr6-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-mipsr6el-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-powerpc-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-powerpcspe-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-ppc64-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-ppc64el-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-s390x-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-sh4-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-libc-dev-sparc64-cross - Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-686 - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-686
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-686-pae - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-686-pae
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-all-i386 - All header files for Linux 4.14 (meta-package)
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae
linux-headers-686 - Header files for Linux 686 configuration (meta-package)
linux-headers-686-pae - Header files for Linux 686-pae configuration (meta-package)
linux-headers-rt-686-pae - Header files for Linux rt-686-pae configuration (meta-package)

linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-common - Common header files for Linux 4.12.0-kali1
linux-headers-4.13.0-kali1-common - Common header files for Linux 4.13.0-kali1
linux-headers-4.13.0-kali1-amd64 - Header files for Linux 4.13.0-kali1-amd64

apt搜索linux图像

linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-amd64 - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-amd64
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64 - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-amd64 - Linux 4.14 for 64-bit PCs
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-amd64-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-amd64
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64 - Linux 4.14 for 64-bit PCs, PREEMPT_RT
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-rt-amd64
linux-image-amd64 - Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)
linux-image-amd64-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-rt-amd64 - Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package), PREEMPT_RT
linux-image-rt-amd64-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux rt-amd64 configuration (meta-package)
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-686 - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-686
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-686-pae - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-686-pae
linux-headers-4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae - Header files for Linux 4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-686 - Linux 4.14 for older PCs
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-686-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-686
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-686-pae - Linux 4.14 for modern PCs
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-686-pae-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-686-pae
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae - Linux 4.14 for modern PCs, PREEMPT_RT
linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-4.14.0-kali1-rt-686-pae
linux-image-686 - Linux for older PCs (meta-package)
linux-image-686-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux 686 configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-686-pae - Linux for modern PCs (meta-package)
linux-image-686-pae-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux 686-pae configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-rt-686-pae - Linux for modern PCs (meta-package), PREEMPT_RT
linux-image-rt-686-pae-dbg - Debugging symbols for Linux rt-686-pae configuration (meta-package)
linux-image-4.13.0-kali1-amd64-dbg - Debug symbols for linux-image-4.13.0-kali1-amd64
linux-headers-4.13.0-kali1-amd64 - Header files for Linux 4.13.0-kali1-amd64
linux-image-4.12.0-kali1-amd64 - Linux 4.12 for 64-bit PCs

到目前为止

我已经尝试过用apt来更新我的系统:更新、自动删除、dist-升级、升级等等。

root@Anonymous:~# uname -r
4.12.0-kali1-amd64
root@Anonymous:~# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
Hit:1 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable InRelease
Hit:2 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/14.04/prod trusty InRelease        
Hit:3 http://ftp1.nluug.nl/os/Linux/distr/kali kali-rolling InRelease          
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Answer 1

卡利正式发行版似乎没有任何适合Linux 4.12的东西。但是，您正在使用的Lug镜像似乎包含了一些旧的文件。

似乎，唯一官方发布的包括Linux 4.12的官方版本是2017.2。

$ grep -n headers-4.1 Packages_2017.2

851688:Package: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-all
851694:Depends: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-all-amd64 (= 4.12.6-1kali6)
851698:Filename: pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-all_4.12.6-1kali6_amd64.deb
851708:Package: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-all-amd64
851714:Depends: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-amd64 (= 4.12.6-1kali6)
851718:Filename: pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-all-amd64_4.12.6-1kali6_amd64.deb
851728:Package: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-amd64
851734:Depends: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-common (= 4.12.6-1kali6), linux-kbuild-4.12, linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86
851738:Filename: pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-amd64_4.12.6-1kali6_amd64.deb
851747: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-amd64, and can be used for building
851751:Package: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-common
851761:Filename: pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-common_4.12.6-1kali6_all.deb
851770: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-(flavour) package, matching the flavour of the
851779:Depends: linux-headers-4.12.0-kali1-amd64

也许，凸耳回购有一些问题，丢失的包。您可能需要重新映像您的安装使用最新的官方卡利发行版或使用正式的2017.2回购。

但是，Kali Linux是一个专门的发行版，因此很难设置和维护。如果您不需要专门的工具，我强烈建议您选择不同的发行版。

Answer 2

Kali live内核更新的这里实现

简单地说，您希望从并应该复制到的新内核和initrd。

/live/vmlinuz
/live/initrd.img

用这些名字。

考虑到这一点，您所执行的内核的任何更新都可能(自然地)转到持久性分区，因此没有足够早的时间用于实时引导。