debconf坏了，什么都不能安装了

Question

我试图在我的raspbian安装上安装对接器，但意外地损坏了apt-get。

如果运行apt-get install或upgrade，将得到以下错误：

E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.

我尝试了我可以在网上找到的所有建议的解决方案，例如：

命令：

apt-get -f install debconf

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get -f install debconf
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.

命令：

dpkg-reconfigure debconf

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# dpkg-reconfigure debconf
/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: debconf is broken or not fully installed

命令：

apt-get install --reinstall debconf

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get install --reinstall debconf
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.

命令：

dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq debconf

结果：

root@raspberrypi:/var/cache/apt/archives# dpkg-reconfigure debconf
/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: debconf is broken or not fully installed
root@raspberrypi:/var/cache/apt/archives# sudo dpkg --configure -a
Setting up libc6-dbg:armhf (2.19-18+deb8u10) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of debconf-i18n:
debconf-i18n depends on debconf (= 1.5.56+deb8u1); however:
Version of debconf on system is 1.5.56.

dpkg: error processing package debconf-i18n (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of debconf-utils:
debconf-utils depends on debconf (= 1.5.56+deb8u1); however:
Version of debconf on system is 1.5.56.

dpkg: error processing package debconf-utils (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up python-software-properties (0.92.25debian1) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 35, in <module>
    from debpython.version import SUPPORTED, debsorted, vrepr, \
File "/usr/share/python/debpython/version.py", line 24, in <module>
    from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser
ImportError: No module named 'ConfigParser'
dpkg: error processing package python-software-properties (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Setting up perl-modules (5.20.2-3+deb8u8) ...
Setting up perl (5.20.2-3+deb8u8) ...
Setting up libtirpc1:armhf (0.2.5-1+deb8u1) ...
Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.19-18+deb8u10) ...
Setting up libperl5.20 (5.20.2-3+deb8u8) ...
Setting up libc6-dev:armhf (2.19-18+deb8u10) ...
Setting up rpcbind (0.2.1-6+deb8u2) ...
insserv: warning: current start runlevel(s) (empty) of script `rpcbind' overrides LSB defaults (S).
insserv: warning: current stop runlevel(s) (0 1 6 S) of script `rpcbind' overrides LSB defaults (0 1 6).
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-18+deb8u10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
debconf-i18n
debconf-utils
python-software-properties
root@raspberrypi:/var/cache/apt/archives# sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.
root@raspberrypi:/var/cache/apt/archives# sudo dpkg --configure -a
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of debconf-i18n:
debconf-i18n depends on debconf (= 1.5.56+deb8u1); however:
Version of debconf on system is 1.5.56.

dpkg: error processing package debconf-i18n (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of debconf-utils:
debconf-utils depends on debconf (= 1.5.56+deb8u1); however:
Version of debconf on system is 1.5.56.

dpkg: error processing package debconf-utils (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up python-software-properties (0.92.25debian1) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 35, in <module>
    from debpython.version import SUPPORTED, debsorted, vrepr, \
File "/usr/share/python/debpython/version.py", line 24, in <module>
    from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser
ImportError: No module named 'ConfigParser'
dpkg: error processing package python-software-properties (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
debconf-i18n
debconf-utils
python-software-properties
root@raspberrypi:/var/cache/apt/archives# apt-get -f install debconf
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.
root@raspberrypi:/var/cache/apt/archives# cd
root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get -f install debconf
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.
root@raspberrypi:~# dpkg-reconfigure debconf
/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: debconf is broken or not fully installed
root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get install --reinstall debconf
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.
root@raspberrypi:~# dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq debconf
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of debconf:
tasksel depends on debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0; however:
Package debconf is to be removed.
Package debconf-2.0 is not installed.
Package debconf which provides debconf-2.0 is to be removed.
tasksel depends on debconf (>= 1.5.34) | cdebconf (>= 0.106); however:
Package debconf is to be removed.
Package cdebconf is not installed.
tasksel depends on debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0; however:
Package debconf is to be removed.
Package debconf-2.0 is not installed.
Package debconf which provides debconf-2.0 is to be removed.
tasksel depends on debconf (>= 1.5.34) | cdebconf (>= 0.106); however:
Package debconf is to be removed.
Package cdebconf is not installed.
locales depends on debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0; however:
Package debconf is to be removed.
Package debconf-2.0 is not installed.
Package debconf which provides debconf-2.0 is to be removed.
ca-certificates depends on debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0; however:
Package debcon
dpkg: error processing package debconf (--remove):
dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
debconf

命令：

dpkg --configure -a

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# dpkg --configure -a
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of debconf-i18n:
debconf-i18n depends on debconf (= 1.5.56+deb8u1); however:
Version of debconf on system is 1.5.56.

dpkg: error processing package debconf-i18n (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of debconf-utils:
debconf-utils depends on debconf (= 1.5.56+deb8u1); however:
Version of debconf on system is 1.5.56.

dpkg: error processing package debconf-utils (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up python-software-properties (0.92.25debian1) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 35, in <module>
    from debpython.version import SUPPORTED, debsorted, vrepr, \
File "/usr/share/python/debpython/version.py", line 24, in <module>
    from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser
ImportError: No module named 'ConfigParser'
dpkg: error processing package python-software-properties (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
debconf-i18n
debconf-utils
python-software-properties

命令：

dpkg -C

结果：

The following packages are in a mess due to serious problems during
installation.  They must be reinstalled for them (and any packages
that depend on them) to function properly:
debconf              Debian configuration management system

The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.
They must be configured using dpkg --configure or the configure
menu option in dselect for them to work:
debconf-i18n         full internationalization support for debconf
debconf-utils        debconf utilities

The following packages are only half configured, probably due to problems
configuring them the first time.  The configuration should be retried using
dpkg --configure <package> or the configure menu option in dselect:
python-software-properties manage the repositories that you install software f

命令：

apt-cache policy

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# apt-cache policy
Package files:
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
    release a=now
500 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ jessie/ui armhf Packages
    release o=Raspberry Pi Foundation,a=stable,n=jessie,l=Raspberry Pi Foundation,c=ui
    origin archive.raspberrypi.org
500 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ jessie/main armhf Packages
    release o=Raspberry Pi Foundation,a=stable,n=jessie,l=Raspberry Pi Foundation,c=main
    origin archive.raspberrypi.org
Pinned packages:

命令：

apt-get -f install

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package debconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.

命令：

cat /etc/*-release

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/*-release
PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)"
NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="8"
VERSION="8 (jessie)"
ID=raspbian
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"

命令：

apt-cache policy debconf debconf-i18n debconf-utils

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# apt-cache policy debconf debconf-i18n debconf-utils
debconf:
Installed: 1.5.56
Candidate: 1.5.56
Version table:
*** 1.5.56 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
debconf-i18n:
Installed: 1.5.56+deb8u1
Candidate: 1.5.56+deb8u1
Version table:
*** 1.5.56+deb8u1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
debconf-utils:
Installed: 1.5.56+deb8u1
Candidate: 1.5.56+deb8u1
Version table:
*** 1.5.56+deb8u1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

命令：

cat /etc/apt/sources.list

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source'
#deb-src http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi

命令：

ls -Al /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# ls -Al /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193 Apr 10 09:58 raspi.list

命令：

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

结果：

root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
deb http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ jessie main ui
# Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source'
#deb-src http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/ jessie main ui

有人知道下一步该做什么吗？

不需要重新安装操作系统就好了。

Answer 1

您丢失了您的主要Raspbian存档，它应该在您的sources.list中：

anthony@Kilby:~ $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi
# Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source'
deb-src http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi

如果没有这一点，就没有地方可以从debconf 1.5.56+deb8u1上下载。

很可能添加源，然后添加apt-get update，然后添加apt-get install -f就足以修复它了。如果不是，您将需要手动下载http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/d/debconf/debconf_1.5.56+deb8u1_all.deb并使用dpkg -i debconf_1.5.56+deb8u1_all.deb安装它。手动下载方式，包括wget/curl或apt-get download debconf=1.5.56+deb8u1。后者是最简单的，如果它有效。