无法在ubuntu服务器中安装新内核。gzip: stdout:设备上没有空间“错误，即使磁盘空间充足

Question

我试图在Ubuntu上安装一个新内核，但是由于"gzip: stdout:没有设备上的空间“错误，我无法完成它。运行sudo make modules_install install后产生了完整的错误：

  INSTALL /lib/firmware/cpia2/stv0672_vp4.bin
  INSTALL /lib/firmware/yam/1200.bin
  INSTALL /lib/firmware/yam/9600.bin
  DEPMOD  3.16.0
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 3.16.0 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
    System.map "/boot"
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.16.0 /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.16.0 /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0 with 1.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
make[1]: *** [install] Error 1
make: *** [install] Error 2

我使用df -h检查了磁盘空间，下面是输出：

Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/server--vg-root  103G   33G   66G  34% /
none                         4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev                          63G  4.0K   63G   1% /dev
tmpfs                         13G  1.8M   13G   1% /run
none                         5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none                          63G  148K   63G   1% /run/shm
none                         100M   24K  100M   1% /run/user
/dev/sda1                    236M   62M  162M  28% /boot
/home/stan/.Private          103G   33G   66G  34% /home/stan

我不明白，考虑到空间的大小，为什么会产生这个错误。我已经成功地在Debian和OpenSUSE上使用了完全相同的过程。

Answer 1

“让modules_install安装”试图在/boot分区上构建initrd映像，该分区拥有162 is的免费内存，这是远远不够的。

如果您想自己在Ubuntu上编译内核，您需要在/boot分区上准备至少1GB的空闲空间。

Answer 2

当/boot分区上没有足够的空间时，就会发生这种情况。解决这一问题的方法是卸载旧内核并释放空间。

您可以获得当前安装的内核的列表。

[I] ~ ❯❯❯ dpkg -l | grep linux-image
rc  linux-image-4.19.0-6-amd64                       4.19.67-2+deb10u1                             amd64        Linux 4.19 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.10.0-2-amd64                       5.10.9-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.10.0-5-amd64                       5.10.24-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.10.0-6-amd64                       5.10.28-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.14.0-1-amd64                       5.14.6-3                                      amd64        Linux 5.14 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.14.0-2-amd64                       5.14.9-2                                      amd64        Linux 5.14 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.14.0-3-amd64                       5.14.12-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.14 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.14.0-4-amd64                       5.14.16-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.14 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ic  linux-image-5.15.0-2-amd64                       5.15.5-2                                      amd64        Linux 5.15 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.15.0-3-amd64                       5.15.15-2                                     amd64        Linux 5.15 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.16.0-3-amd64                       5.16.11-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.16 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.17.0-1-amd64                       5.17.3-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.17 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii  linux-image-5.18.0-4-amd64                       5.18.16-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.18 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii  linux-image-5.19.0-2-amd64                       5.19.11-1                                     amd64        Linux 5.19 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.2.0-3-amd64                        5.2.17-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.2 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.3.0-2-amd64                        5.3.9-3                                       amd64        Linux 5.3 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.3.0-3-amd64                        5.3.15-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.3 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.4.0-1-amd64                        5.4.6-1                                       amd64        Linux 5.4 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.4.0-2-amd64                        5.4.8-1                                       amd64        Linux 5.4 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.4.0-3-amd64                        5.4.13-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.4 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.4.0-4-amd64                        5.4.19-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.4 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.5.0-2-amd64                        5.5.17-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.5 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.6.0-1-amd64                        5.6.7-1                                       amd64        Linux 5.6 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.6.0-2-amd64                        5.6.14-2                                      amd64        Linux 5.6 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.8.0-1-amd64                        5.8.7-1                                       amd64        Linux 5.8 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.8.0-2-amd64                        5.8.10-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.8 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.8.0-3-amd64                        5.8.14-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.8 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.9.0-1-amd64                        5.9.1-1                                       amd64        Linux 5.9 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.9.0-2-amd64                        5.9.6-1                                       amd64        Linux 5.9 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-5.9.0-4-amd64                        5.9.11-1                                      amd64        Linux 5.9 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii  linux-image-amd64                                5.19.11-1                                     amd64        Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)

然后，获取当前内核版本的版本

[I] ~ ❯❯❯ uname -r
5.19.0-2-amd64 

现在，您需要安装旧内核，只需使用sudo apt purge <package-name>清除那里的包名。如果有很多软件包要卸载，你可以使用一些bash魔术。

sudo apt purge linux-image-5.{2,3,4,5,6,8,9,18}*

请注意，该模式不应与正在运行的内核的当前版本相匹配。

在删除旧内核之后，您将能够在/boot上释放大量空间。

一旦有足够的空闲空间，现在就可以开始安装更新的内核了。