第一次登录需要密码

Question

所以我和SSH有个奇怪的问题。我已经设置了我的SSH服务器，允许通过SSH密钥进行无密码登录。然而，当我尝试登录时，我第一次登录后很长时间(~一天)，它需要一个密码。如果我立即关闭连接并再次尝试SSH连接，它将接受SSH键。是否有人知道如何获得它，以便它总是接受SSH密钥？

这是我的/etc/ssh/sshd_config

# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details

# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes

# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024

# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin without-password
StrictModes yes

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys

# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes

# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no

# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication yes

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes

X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no

#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net

# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes
`

Answer 1

这种情况可以发生在具有自动挂载主目录的系统上，比如在具有Active或LDAP的系统中。登录后键入mount，查看您的主目录是否已自动挂载。不幸的是，就我所知，没有办法解决这个问题。通常，会挂载整个/home目录，因此在SSH身份验证期间，所有用户的主目录都可用。

Answer 2

@Paul的回答对寻找可能的解决方案有很大的帮助。要修复，您可以使用--bind挂载根目录并复制ssh的authorized_keys，如下所示

mkdir /mnt/root
mount --bind / /mnt/root
cp -a ~/.ssh /mnt/root/user

这个将包含的文件系统挂载到/mnt/root访问挂载点(您需要用用户名替换user )，复制.ssh文件夹，以便在安装加密的文件系统之前访问它。

Answer 3

这也会发生在我身上，但是我的/home分区不是一个单独的挂载。但是，在创建帐户时，我确实使用了EncryptMy主文件夹选项，并且我注意到/home/.encryptfs/<userid>/.Private被挂载在/home/<userid>上，所以可能加密主文件夹选项也导致了这种行为。