我的笔记记录程序迁移到了一个类

Question

我写了一个很好的笔记程序，但是我想把这个程序转换成一个更OOP风格的程序。当我正在学习OOP的概念和类的工作方式时，我确实成功地将我的程序转移到了一个类中，但这感觉是错误的。

我在这里不能正确使用self.。我的意思是在密码里到处都是。这个程序确实有效，但我只是不认为我需要几乎每一行都有self.。

我希望看到下面的代码，因为我仍然不能100%确定如何正确构建类。

import tkinter as tk
from string import ascii_letters, digits
import tkinter.simpledialog
import tkinter.messagebox
from MINT.myScrollBar import MyScrollbar #customer scroll bar
import psutil
import json
import os
from os import listdir

class MintApp(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, root, *args, **kwargs)
        self.root = root
        self.py_bg_color = "#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}".format(0,34,64)
        self.py_frame_color = "#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}".format(0, 23, 45)
        self.root.title("MINT: Mobile Information & Note-taking Tool")
        self.root.config(bg = self.py_frame_color)
        self.root.columnconfigure(0, weight = 0)
        self.root.columnconfigure(1, weight = 1)
        self.root.rowconfigure(0, weight = 0)
        self.root.rowconfigure(1, weight = 1)
        #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Windows stuff >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        self.row0label = tk.Label(self.root)
        self.row0label.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
        self.row0label.configure(bg = self.py_frame_color, text = "                                                                              ")
        #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Variables Defaults >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        self.path = "./NotesKeys/"
        self.color_path = "./Colors/"
        self.notebook = dict()
        self.current_working_lib = ""
        self.current_working_keys = ""
        self.list_of_all_filenames = []
        self.current_working_button_color = "orange"
        self.selected_text_color = "orange"
        self.selected_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x"
        self.post_update = False
        self.text_wordwrap = False
        self.valid_filename = ""
        self.current_keyword = ""
        #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< USE TO open all files in Directory >~~~~~~

        with open("{}{}".format(self.path, "list_of_all_filenames"), "r") as listall:
            self.list_of_all_filenames = json.load(listall)



        self.openAllFilesInPath(self.path)
        self.base_bg_image = tk.PhotoImage(file="./Colors/pybgbase.png")
        self.bgLable = tk.Label(self.root, image= self.base_bg_image)
        self.bgLable.place(x = 0, y = 0)

        self.bgLable.config(image = self.base_bg_image)
        self.bgLable.image = self.base_bg_image
        self.current_text_color = 'orange'

        self.textFrame = tk.Frame(root, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
        self.textFrame.grid(row = 0, column = 1, columnspan = 1, rowspan = 2, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
        self.textFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self.textFrame.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self.textFrame.columnconfigure(1, weight = 0)
        self.textFrame.rowconfigure(1, weight = 0)

        self.entryFrame = tk.Frame(self.root)
        self.entryFrame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, rowspan = 1, columnspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
        self.entryFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 0)
        self.entryFrame.columnconfigure(1, weight = 0)
        self.entryFrame.rowconfigure(0, weight = 0)
        self.entryFrame.rowconfigure(1, weight = 0)
        self.entryFrame.rowconfigure(2, weight = 0)
        self.entrybg_image = tk.Label(self.entryFrame, image = self.base_bg_image, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
        self.entrybg_image.image = self.base_bg_image
        self.entrybg_image.place(x = 0, y = 0)
        self.entrybg_image.config(image = self.base_bg_image)

        self.kwListFrame = tk.Frame(self.root, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
        self.kwListFrame.grid(row = 1, column = 0, rowspan = 1, columnspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
        self.kwListFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self.kwbg_image = tk.Label(self.kwListFrame, image= self.base_bg_image, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
        self.kwbg_image.image = self.base_bg_image
        self.kwbg_image.place(x = 0, y = 0)
        self.kwbg_image.config(image = self.base_bg_image)

        self.root.textSideL = tk.Text(self.kwListFrame, width = 10, height = 20)
        self.root.textSideL.place( x = 5, y = 5)
        self.root.textSideL.config(wrap = 'none')
        self.root.textSideR = tk.Text(self.kwListFrame,  width = 10, height = 20)
        self.root.textSideR.place( x = 95, y = 5)
        self.root.textSideR.config(wrap = 'none')

        self.statusFrame = tk.Frame(root)
        self.statusFrame.config(bg = self.py_frame_color)
        self.statusFrame.grid(row = 3, column = 0, rowspan = 3, columnspan = 2, padx =0, pady =0, sticky = 'nsew')
        self.statusFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self.statusFrame.columnconfigure(1, weight = 1)
        self.statusFrame.rowconfigure(0, weight = 0)

        self.root.text = tk.Text(self.textFrame, undo = True)
        self.root.text.grid(row = 0, column = 0, rowspan = 1, columnspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
        self.root.text.config(bg = self.py_frame_color, fg = "white", font = ('times', 16), insertbackground = "orange")
        self.root.text.config(wrap = 'none')
        #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        self.statusW = tk.Label(self.statusFrame, font=("times", 16, "bold"), fg = "white", bg = "black", relief = 'sunken', anchor = 'w')
        self.statusW.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 1, sticky = 'sw')
        self.statusW.config(text = "Operation Status", bg = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45))

        self.statusE = tk.Label(self.statusFrame, font=("times", 16, "bold"), fg = "white", bg = "black", relief = 'sunken', anchor = 'e')
        self.statusE.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 1, pady = 1, sticky = 'se')
        self.statusE.config(bg = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45))
        #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        self.searchLabel = tk.Label(self.entryFrame)
        self.searchLabel.grid(row = 1, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)
        self.searchLabel.config(text = "Search Text Field")

        self.searchEntry = tk.Entry(self.entryFrame, width = 20)
        self.searchEntry.bind("<Return>", self.searchTextbox)
        self.searchEntry.bind("<Shift-Return>", self.next_match)
        self.searchEntry.bind("<Control-Return>", self.prev_match)
        self.searchEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5)

        self.keywordLabel = tk.Label(self.entryFrame)
        self.keywordLabel.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)
        self.keywordLabel.config(text = "Keyword Search")

        self.keywordEntry = tk.Entry(self.entryFrame, width = 20)
        self.keywordEntry.bind("<Return>", self.kw_entry)
        self.keywordEntry.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5)

        self.UpdateKeywordsButton = tkinter.Button(self.entryFrame, fg = 'Black', bg = 'Orange', text = "Update Notes", command = self.appendNotes)
        self.UpdateKeywordsButton.grid(row = 2, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)


        self.libraryMenu()
        self.MintThemeDefault("#%02x%02x%02x" % (64,89,82), "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45), "#%02x%02x%02x" % (175, 167, 157), tk.PhotoImage(file = "./Colors/pybgbase.png"))


    def openAllFilesInPath(self, path):
        for filename in listdir(path):
            with open("{}{}".format(path, filename), "r") as f:
                self.notebook[filename] = json.load(f)

    def new_lib_prompt(self):
        a_name = tk.simpledialog.askstring("Create New Note Library", "Alphanumeric and '_' only", initialvalue = "Name_Here")
        valid_chars = "-_.() {}{}".format(ascii_letters, digits)
        self.valid_filename = ("".join(c for c in a_name if c in valid_chars)).replace(" ", "_").lower()
        if self.valid_filename != "" and self.valid_filename != "name_here":
            if self.valid_filename not in self.list_of_all_filenames:
                self.createNewNotesAndKeys(self.valid_filename)
                self.list_of_all_filenames.append(self.valid_filename)
                with open("%s%s"%(self.path, "list_of_all_filenames"), "r+" ) as f:
                        json.dump(self.list_of_all_filenames, f, indent = "")
                self.libraryMenu()
            else:
                print ("Library already exist")
        else:
            print ("No Name Given")

    def createNewNotesAndKeys(self, name):
        n_name = name+"_notes"
        k_name = name+"_keys"
        with open("./NotesKeys/default_notes", "r") as n:
            n_base = json.load(n)
        with open("./NotesKeys/default_keys", "r") as k:
            k_base = json.load(k)
        with open("%s%s" % (self.path,n_name), "w") as new_n:
            json.dump(n_base, new_n, indent = "")
        with open("%s%s" % (self.path,k_name), "w") as new_k:
            json.dump(k_base, new_k, indent = "")
        self.openAllFilesInPath(self.path, self.notebook, "list_of_all_filenames")
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< UPDATE keyword display >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def update_kw_display(self):
        list_to_pass = ["chose a library"," chose a library_keys", "chose a library_notes", ""]
        if self.current_working_keys not in list_to_pass:
            keys_to_be_updated = self.notebook[self.current_working_keys]
            self.root.textSideL.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
            self.root.textSideR.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
            contr = 0
            for item in keys_to_be_updated:
                if contr == 0:
                    self.root.textSideL.insert("end-1c",item + "\n")
                    self.root.textSideL.see("end-1c")
                    contr += 1
                else:
                    self.root.textSideR.insert("end-1c",item + "\n")
                    self.root.textSideR.see("end-1c")
                    contr = 0
        else:
            print("In the list to pass")
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Search for words and highlight >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def searchTextbox(self, event = None):
        self.root.text.tag_delete("search")
        self.root.text.tag_configure("search", background="green")
        start = "1.0"
        if len(self.searchEntry.get()) > 0:
            self.root.text.mark_set("insert", self.root.text.search(self.searchEntry.get(), start, nocase = None))
            self.root.text.see("insert")
            while True:
                pos = self.root.text.search(self.searchEntry.get(), start, 'end', nocase = None) 
                if pos == "": 
                    break       
                start = pos + "+%dc" % len(self.searchEntry.get()) 
                self.root.text.tag_add("search", pos, "%s + %dc" % (pos, len(self.searchEntry.get())))
        else:
            pass

    def next_match(self, event = None):
        # move cursor to end of current match
        while (self.root.text.compare("insert", "<", "end") and "search" in self.root.text.tag_names("insert")):
            self.root.text.mark_set("insert", "insert+1c")
        # find next character with the tag
        next_match = self.root.text.tag_nextrange("search", "insert")
        if next_match:
            self.root.text.mark_set("insert", next_match[0])
            self.root.text.see("insert")
        # prevent default behavior, in case this was called
        # via a key binding
        return "break"

    def prev_match(self, event = None):
        # move cursor to end of current match
        while (self.root.text.compare("insert", "<", "end") and "search" in self.root.text.tag_names("insert")):
            self.root.text.mark_set("insert", "insert-1c")
        # find previous character with the tag
        prev_match = self.root.text.tag_prevrange("search", "insert")
        if prev_match:
            self.root.text.mark_set("insert", prev_match[0])
            self.root.text.see("insert")
        # prevent default behavior, in case this was called
        # via a key binding
        return "break"
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< UPDATE selected_notes! >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def appendNotes(self):
        e1_current = self.keywordEntry.get().lower()
        e1_all_case = self.keywordEntry.get()
        e2_current = self.root.text.get(1.0, "end-1c")
        answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Update Notes!","Are you sure you want update your Notes for " + e1_all_case + " This cannot be undone!")
        if answer == "yes":
            if e1_current in self.notebook[self.current_working_lib]:
                self.statusE.config(text = "Updating Keyword & Notes for the " + self.current_working_lib + " Library!")
                dict_to_be_updated = self.notebook[self.current_working_lib]
                dict_to_be_updated[e1_current] = e2_current
                with open("%s%s" % (self.path, self.current_working_lib),"w") as working_temp_var:
                    json.dump(dict_to_be_updated, working_temp_var, indent = "")
                self.statusE.config(text = "Update Complete")          
            else:
                self.statusE.config(text= "Creating New Keyword & Notes for the " + self.current_working_lib + " Library!")
                dict_to_be_updated = self.notebook[self.current_working_lib]
                dict_to_be_updated[e1_current] = e2_current
                with open("%s%s" % (self.path, self.current_working_lib), "w" ) as working_temp_var:
                    json.dump(dict_to_be_updated, working_temp_var, indent = "")
                keys_to_be_updated = self.notebook[self.current_working_keys]
                keys_to_be_updated.append(e1_all_case)
                with open("%s%s" % (self.path, self.current_working_keys), "w" ) as working_temp_keys:
                    json.dump(keys_to_be_updated, working_temp_keys, indent = "")
                self.statusE.config(text = "Update Complete")
            self.update_kw_display()            
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("...", "That was close!")      
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Entry Widget >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def kw_entry(self, event = None):
        e1_current = self.keywordEntry.get().lower()
        if self.current_keyword == e1_current:
            print("Already editing current keyword")
            pass
        else:
            answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Changing Notes!","Are you sure you want change the current Notes section to " + e1_current + "? Any unsaved changed will be lost!")
            if answer == "yes":
                if self.current_working_lib in self.notebook:
                    note_var = self.notebook[self.current_working_lib]
                    if e1_current in note_var:
                        self.root.text.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
                        self.root.text.insert("end-1c", note_var[e1_current])
                        self.root.text.see("end-1c")
                        self.current_keyword = e1_current
                    else:
                        self.root.text.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
                        self.root.text.insert("end-1c", "Not a Keyword")
                        self.root.text.see("end-1c")
                        self.current_keyword = e1_current
                else:
                    self.root.text.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
                    self.root.text.insert("end-1c", "No Library Selected")
                    self.root.text.see("end-1c")
            else:
                pass
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Preset Themes >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


    def MintThemeDefault(self, main_bg, text_bg, txt_color, bg_image):
        self.currentTextColor = txt_color
        themebg_image = bg_image
        self.textFrame.config(bg = text_bg)
        self.entrybg_image.config(image = themebg_image)
        self.entrybg_image.image = themebg_image
        self.kwbg_image.config(image = themebg_image)
        self.kwbg_image.image = themebg_image
        self.bgLable.config(image = themebg_image)
        self.bgLable.image = themebg_image
        self.root.config(bg = main_bg)
        self.root.text.config(bg = text_bg, fg = txt_color)
        self.root.textSideL.config(bg = text_bg, fg = txt_color)
        self.root.textSideR.config(bg = text_bg, fg = txt_color)
        self.searchEntry.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
        self.keywordEntry.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
        self.statusFrame.config(bg = text_bg)
        self.statusE.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
        self.statusW.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
        self.searchLabel.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
        self.keywordLabel.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
        self.UpdateKeywordsButton.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Custom Scroll Bar >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        self.vScrollBar = MyScrollbar(self.textFrame, width = 15, command = root.text.yview, troughcolor = text_bg,
                                                buttontype = 'square', thumbcolor = txt_color, buttoncolor = main_bg)
        self.vScrollBar.grid(row = 0, column = 2, columnspan = 1, rowspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nse')
        self.root.text.configure(yscrollcommand = self.vScrollBar.set)
        self.vScrollBar.config(background = main_bg)
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        self.hScrollBar = MyScrollbar(self.textFrame, height = 15, command = root.text.xview, orient = 'horizontal', troughcolor = text_bg,
                                                buttontype = 'square', thumbcolor = txt_color, buttoncolor = main_bg)
        self.hScrollBar.grid(row = 1 , column = 0, columnspan = 1, rowspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'sew')
        self.root.text.configure(xscrollcommand = self.hScrollBar.set)
        self.hScrollBar.config(background = main_bg)
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Theme Manager >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def MintTheme1(self):
        main_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (64, 89, 82)
        text_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (17, 41, 41)
        txt_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (175, 167, 157)
        bg_image = tk.PhotoImage(file = "./Colors/theme1bg.png")
        self.MintThemeDefault(main_bg_color, text_bg_color, txt_color, bg_image)
    def MintTheme2(self):
        main_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (14, 51, 51)
        text_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (4, 22, 22)
        txt_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (223, 171, 111)
        bg_image = tk.PhotoImage(file="./Colors/theme2bg.png")
        self.MintThemeDefault(main_bg_color, text_bg_color, txt_color, bg_image)
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Toggle Wordwrap >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    
    def toggleWordWrap(self):
        if self.text_wordwrap == False:
            self.root.text.config(wrap = 'char')
            self.text_wordwrap = True
        else:
            self.root.text.config(wrap = 'none')
            self.text_wordwrap = False
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Menu function >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def updateWorkingLibKeys(self, filename):
        self.current_working_lib = "{}_notes".format(filename).lower()
        self.current_working_keys = "{}_keys".format(filename).lower()
        self.update_kw_display()
    def doNothing(self):
        pass
    def libraryMenu(self):
        self.menu = tk.Menu(self.root)
        self.root.config(menu = self.menu)
        self.fileMenu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff = 0)
        self.menu.add_cascade(label = "File", menu = self.fileMenu)
        self.fileMenu.add_command(label = "Save", command = self.doNothing)
        self.fileMenu.add_command(label = "Save As", command = self.doNothing)
        self.fileMenu.add_separator()
        self.fileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit", command = lambda: self.closeProgram(self.root))

        self.libMenu = tk.Menu(self.menu)
        self.menu.add_cascade(label = "Note Libraries", menu = self.libMenu)
        self.libMenu.add_command(label = "Library Help Page - Not Implemented Yet", command = self.doNothing)
        self.libMenu.add_separator()
        self.libMenu.add_command(label = "New Library", command = self.new_lib_prompt)
        self.libMenu.add_command(label = "Lock Library - Not Implemented Yet", command = self.doNothing)
        self.libMenu.add_command(label = "Delete Library! - Not Implemented Yet", command = self.doNothing)
        self.libMenu.add_separator()

        self.prefMenu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff = 0)
        self.menu.add_cascade(label = "Preferences", menu = self.prefMenu)
        self.prefMenu.add_command(label = "Mint Theme 1", command = self.MintTheme1)
        self.prefMenu.add_command(label = "Mint Theme 2", command = self.MintTheme2)
        self.libMenu.add_separator()
        self.prefMenu.add_command(label = "Toggle Word-Wrap", command = self.toggleWordWrap)

        self.helpMenu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff = 0)
        self.menu.add_cascade(label = "Help", menu = self.helpMenu)
        self.helpMenu.add_command(label = "Info", command = self.doNothing)

        for filename in self.list_of_all_filenames:
            self.libMenu.add_command(label = "%s" % (filename), command = lambda filename = filename: self.updateWorkingLibKeys(filename))
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Close >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    def closeProgram(self):
        answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Leaving MINT?", "Are you sure you want to leave MINT")
        if answer == "yes":
            answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Save work?", "Would you like to save before you exit MINT?")
            if answer == "yes":
                self.appendNotes
                self.root.destroy()
            else:
                self.root.destroy()
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("MINTy Fresh!", "Welcome Back XD")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()

    MyApp = MintApp(root)
    print(MyApp.notebook["py_keys"])

    root.mainloop()

我不认为这很重要，但作为参考，这是我决定将所有内容转移到类之前开始的代码。

from tkinter import Tk, Label, PhotoImage, Menu, Frame, Text, Entry
from MINT.MintPack import doNothing, openAllFilesInPath, militaryTime  # my module
from string import ascii_letters, digits
import tkinter.simpledialog
import tkinter.messagebox
from MINT.myScrollBar import MyScrollbar
import psutil
import json
import os
# Created on Mar 21, 2017
# @author: Michael A McDonnal
# py_bg_color =  "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 34, 64)
py_bg_color =  "#%02x%02x%02x".format((0, '02x'), (34, '02x'), (64, '02x'))
py_frame_color =  "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45)
root = Tk()
root.title("MINT:    Mobile Information & Note-taking Tool")
# root.geometry("1050x900")
# root.minsize(800, 600)

root.config(bg = py_frame_color)
root.columnconfigure(0, weight = 0)
root.columnconfigure(1, weight = 1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight = 0)
root.rowconfigure(1, weight = 1)
#root.rowconfigure(2, weight = 1)
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Windows stuff >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
row0label = Label(root)
row0label.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
row0label.configure(text = "                                                                              ")
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Variables Defaults >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
path = "./NotesKeys/"
color_path = "./Colors/"
notebook = dict()
current_working_lib = ""
current_working_keys = ""
list_of_all_filenames = []
current_working_button_color = "orange"
selected_text_color = "orange"
selected_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x"
post_update = False
text_wordwrap = False
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< USE TO open all files in Directory >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
with open("{}{}".format(path, "list_of_all_filenames"), "r") as listall:
    list_of_all_filenames = json.load(listall)

openAllFilesInPath(path, notebook)
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Prompt For New Library >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
valid_filename = ""
def new_lib_prompt():
    global list_of_all_filenames, path
    a_name = tkinter.simpledialog.askstring("Create New Note Library", "Alphanumeric and '_' only", initialvalue = "Name_Here")
    valid_chars = "-_.() {}{}".format(ascii_letters, digits)
    valid_filename = ("".join(c for c in a_name if c in valid_chars)).replace(" ", "_").lower()
    if valid_filename != "" and valid_filename != "name_here":
        if valid_filename not in list_of_all_filenames:
            createNewNotesAndKeys(valid_filename)
            list_of_all_filenames.append(valid_filename)
            with open("%s%s"%(path, "list_of_all_filenames"), "r+" ) as f:
                    json.dump(list_of_all_filenames, f, indent = "")
            libraryMenu()
        else:
            print ("Library already exist")
    else:
        print ("No Name Given")

def createNewNotesAndKeys(name):
    n_name = name+"_notes"
    k_name = name+"_keys"
    with open("./NotesKeys/default_notes", "r") as n:
        n_base = json.load(n)
    with open("./NotesKeys/default_keys", "r") as k:
        k_base = json.load(k)
    with open("%s%s" % (path,n_name), "w") as new_n:
        json.dump(n_base, new_n, indent = "")
    with open("%s%s" % (path,k_name), "w") as new_k:
        json.dump(k_base, new_k, indent = "")
    openAllFilesInPath(path, notebook, "list_of_all_filenames")
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< UPDATE keyword display >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def update_kw_display():
    list_to_pass = ["chose a library"," chose a library_keys", "chose a library_notes", ""]
    if current_working_keys not in list_to_pass:
        keys_to_be_updated = notebook[current_working_keys]
        root.textSideL.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
        root.textSideR.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
        contr = 0
        for item in keys_to_be_updated:
            if contr == 0:
                root.textSideL.insert("end-1c",item + "\n")
                root.textSideL.see("end-1c")
                contr += 1
            else:
                root.textSideR.insert("end-1c",item + "\n")
                root.textSideR.see("end-1c")
                contr = 0
    else:
        print("In the list to pass")
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Search for words and highlight >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def searchTextbox(event = None):
    root.text.tag_delete("search")
    root.text.tag_configure("search", background="green")
    start = "1.0"
    if len(searchEntry.get()) > 0:
        root.text.mark_set("insert", root.text.search(searchEntry.get(), start, nocase = None))
        root.text.see("insert")
        while True:
            pos = root.text.search(searchEntry.get(), start, 'end', nocase = None) 
            if pos == "": 
                break       
            start = pos + "+%dc" % len(searchEntry.get()) 
            root.text.tag_add("search", pos, "%s + %dc" % (pos, len(searchEntry.get())))
    else:
        pass

def next_match(event = None):
    # move cursor to end of current match
    while (root.text.compare("insert", "<", "end") and "search" in root.text.tag_names("insert")):
        root.text.mark_set("insert", "insert+1c")
    # find next character with the tag
    next_match = root.text.tag_nextrange("search", "insert")
    if next_match:
        root.text.mark_set("insert", next_match[0])
        root.text.see("insert")
    # prevent default behavior, in case this was called
    # via a key binding
    return "break"

def prev_match(event = None):
    # move cursor to end of current match
    while (root.text.compare("insert", "<", "end") and "search" in root.text.tag_names("insert")):
        root.text.mark_set("insert", "insert-1c")
    # find previous character with the tag
    prev_match = root.text.tag_prevrange("search", "insert")
    if prev_match:
        root.text.mark_set("insert", prev_match[0])
        root.text.see("insert")
    # prevent default behavior, in case this was called
    # via a key binding
    return "break"
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< UPDATE selected_notes! >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def appendNotes():
    global current_working_lib, current_working_keys, path
    e1_current = keywordEntry.get().lower()
    e1_all_case = keywordEntry.get()
    e2_current = root.text.get(1.0, "end-1c")
    answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Update Notes!","Are you sure you want update your Notes for " + e1_all_case + " This cannot be undone!")
    if answer == "yes":
        if e1_current in notebook[current_working_lib]:
            statusE.config(text = "Updating Keyword & Notes for the " + current_working_lib + " Library!")
            dict_to_be_updated = notebook[current_working_lib]
            dict_to_be_updated[e1_current] = e2_current
            with open("%s%s" % (path, current_working_lib),"w") as working_temp_var:
                json.dump(dict_to_be_updated, working_temp_var, indent = "")
            statusE.config(text = "Update Complete")          
        else:
            statusE.config(text= "Creating New Keyword & Notes for the " + current_working_lib + " Library!")
            dict_to_be_updated = notebook[current_working_lib]
            dict_to_be_updated[e1_current] = e2_current
            with open("%s%s" % (path, current_working_lib), "w" ) as working_temp_var:
                json.dump(dict_to_be_updated, working_temp_var, indent = "")
            keys_to_be_updated = notebook[current_working_keys]
            keys_to_be_updated.append(e1_all_case)
            with open("%s%s" % (path, current_working_keys), "w" ) as working_temp_keys:
                json.dump(keys_to_be_updated, working_temp_keys, indent = "")
            statusE.config(text = "Update Complete")
        update_kw_display()            
    else:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("...", "That was close!")      
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Entry Widget >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
current_keyword = ""
def kw_entry(event = None):
    global current_working_lib, current_keyword
    e1_current = keywordEntry.get().lower()
    if current_keyword == e1_current:
        print("Already editing current keyword")
        pass
    else:
        answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Changing Notes!","Are you sure you want change the current Notes section to " + e1_current + "? Any unsaved changed will be lost!")
        if answer == "yes":
            if current_working_lib in notebook:
                note_var = notebook[current_working_lib]
                if e1_current in note_var:
                    root.text.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
                    root.text.insert("end-1c", note_var[e1_current])
                    root.text.see("end-1c")
                    current_keyword = e1_current
                else:
                    root.text.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
                    root.text.insert("end-1c", "Not a Keyword")
                    root.text.see("end-1c")
                    current_keyword = e1_current
            else:
                root.text.delete(1.0, "end-1c")
                root.text.insert("end-1c", "No Library Selected")
                root.text.see("end-1c")
        else:
            pass
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Preset Themes >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
base_bg_image = PhotoImage(file="./Colors/pybgbase.png")
bgLable = Label(root, image= base_bg_image)
bgLable.place(x = 0, y = 0)

bgLable.config(image = base_bg_image)
bgLable.image = base_bg_image
current_text_color = 'orange'

def MintThemeDefault(main_bg, text_bg, txt_color, bg_image):
    global currentTextColor
    currentTextColor = txt_color
    themebg_image = bg_image
    textFrame.config(bg = text_bg)
    entrybg_image.config(image = themebg_image)
    entrybg_image.image = themebg_image
    kwbg_image.config(image = themebg_image)
    kwbg_image.image = themebg_image
    bgLable.config(image = themebg_image)
    bgLable.image = themebg_image
    root.config(bg = main_bg)
    root.text.config(bg = text_bg, fg = txt_color)
    root.textSideL.config(bg = text_bg, fg = txt_color)
    root.textSideR.config(bg = text_bg, fg = txt_color)
    searchEntry.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    keywordEntry.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    statusFrame.config(bg = text_bg)
    statusE.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    statusW.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    searchLabel.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    keywordLabel.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
    UpdateKeywordsButton.config(fg = txt_color, bg = text_bg)
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Custome Scroll Bar >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    vScrollBar = MyScrollbar(textFrame, width = 15, command = root.text.yview, troughcolor = text_bg,
                                            buttontype = 'square', thumbcolor = txt_color, buttoncolor = main_bg)
    vScrollBar.grid(row = 0, column = 2, columnspan = 1, rowspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nse')
    root.text.configure(yscrollcommand = vScrollBar.set)
    vScrollBar.config(background = main_bg)
    #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    hScrollBar = MyScrollbar(textFrame, height = 15, command = root.text.xview, orient = 'horizontal', troughcolor = text_bg,
                                            buttontype = 'square', thumbcolor = txt_color, buttoncolor = main_bg)
    hScrollBar.grid(row = 1 , column = 0, columnspan = 1, rowspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'sew')
    root.text.configure(xscrollcommand = hScrollBar.set)
    hScrollBar.config(background = main_bg)
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Theme Manager >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def MintTheme1():
    main_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (64, 89, 82)
    text_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (17, 41, 41)
    txt_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (175, 167, 157)
    bg_image = PhotoImage(file = "./Colors/theme1bg.png")
    MintThemeDefault(main_bg_color, text_bg_color, txt_color, bg_image)
def MintTheme2():
    global currentTextColor
    main_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (14, 51, 51)
    text_bg_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (4, 22, 22)
    txt_color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (223, 171, 111)
    bg_image = PhotoImage(file="./Colors/theme2bg.png")
    MintThemeDefault(main_bg_color, text_bg_color, txt_color, bg_image)
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Toggle Wordwrap >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    
def toggleWordWrap():
    global text_wordwrap
    if text_wordwrap == False:
        root.text.config(wrap = 'char')
        text_wordwrap = True
    else:
        root.text.config(wrap = 'none')
        text_wordwrap = False
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Menu function >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def updateWorkingLibKeys(filename):
    global current_working_lib,current_working_keys
    current_working_lib = "{}_notes".format(filename).lower()
    current_working_keys = "{}_keys".format(filename).lower()
    update_kw_display()
def libraryMenu():
    menu = Menu(root)
    root.config(menu = menu)
    fileMenu = Menu(menu, tearoff = 0)
    menu.add_cascade(label = "File", menu = fileMenu)
    fileMenu.add_command(label = "Save", command = doNothing)
    fileMenu.add_command(label = "Save As", command = doNothing)
    fileMenu.add_separator()
    fileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit", command = lambda: closeProgram(root))

    libMenu = Menu(menu, tearoff = 0)
    menu.add_cascade(label = "Note Libraries", menu = libMenu)
    libMenu.add_command(label = "Library Help Page - Not Implemented Yet", command = doNothing)
    libMenu.add_separator()
    libMenu.add_command(label = "New Library", command = new_lib_prompt)
    libMenu.add_command(label = "Lock Library - Not Implemented Yet", command = doNothing)
    libMenu.add_command(label = "Delete Library! - Not Implemented Yet", command = doNothing)
    libMenu.add_separator()

    prefMenu = Menu(menu, tearoff = 0)
    menu.add_cascade(label = "Preferences", menu = prefMenu)
    prefMenu.add_command(label = "Mint Theme 1", command = MintTheme1)
    prefMenu.add_command(label = "Mint Theme 2", command = MintTheme2)
    libMenu.add_separator()
    prefMenu.add_command(label = "Toggle Word-Wrap", command = toggleWordWrap)

    helpMenu = Menu(menu, tearoff = 0)
    menu.add_cascade(label = "Help", menu = helpMenu)
    helpMenu.add_command(label = "Info", command = doNothing)

    for filename in list_of_all_filenames:
        libMenu.add_command(label = "%s" % (filename), command = lambda filename = filename: updateWorkingLibKeys(filename))

libraryMenu()
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
textFrame = Frame(root, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
textFrame.grid(row = 0, column = 1, columnspan = 1, rowspan = 2, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
textFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
textFrame.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
textFrame.columnconfigure(1, weight = 0)
textFrame.rowconfigure(1, weight = 0)

entryFrame = Frame(root)
entryFrame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, rowspan = 1, columnspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
entryFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 0)
entryFrame.columnconfigure(1, weight = 0)
entryFrame.rowconfigure(0, weight = 0)
entryFrame.rowconfigure(1, weight = 0)
entryFrame.rowconfigure(2, weight = 0)
entrybg_image = Label(entryFrame, image = base_bg_image, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
entrybg_image.image = base_bg_image
entrybg_image.place(x = 0, y = 0)
entrybg_image.config(image = base_bg_image)

kwListFrame = Frame(root, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
kwListFrame.grid(row = 1, column = 0, rowspan = 1, columnspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
kwListFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
kwbg_image = Label(kwListFrame, image= base_bg_image, borderwidth = 0, highlightthickness = 0)
kwbg_image.image = base_bg_image
kwbg_image.place(x = 0, y = 0)
kwbg_image.config(image = base_bg_image)

root.textSideL = Text(kwListFrame, width = 10, height = 20)
root.textSideL.place( x = 5, y = 5)
root.textSideL.config(wrap = 'none')
root.textSideR = Text(kwListFrame,  width = 10, height = 20)
root.textSideR.place( x = 95, y = 5)
root.textSideR.config(wrap = 'none')

statusFrame = Frame(root)
statusFrame.config(bg = py_frame_color)
statusFrame.grid(row = 3, column = 0, rowspan = 3, columnspan = 2, padx =0, pady =0, sticky = 'nsew')
statusFrame.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
statusFrame.columnconfigure(1, weight = 1)
statusFrame.rowconfigure(0, weight = 0)

root.text = Text(textFrame, undo = True)
root.text.grid(row = 0, column = 0, rowspan = 1, columnspan = 1, padx = 0, pady = 0, sticky = 'nsew')
root.text.config(bg = py_frame_color, fg = "white", font = ('times', 16), insertbackground = "orange")
root.text.config(wrap = 'none')
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
statusW = Label(statusFrame, font=("times", 16, "bold"), fg = "white", bg = "black", relief = 'sunken', anchor = 'w')
statusW.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 1, sticky = 'sw')
statusW.config(text = "Operation Status", bg = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45))

statusE = Label(statusFrame, font=("times", 16, "bold"), fg = "white", bg = "black", relief = 'sunken', anchor = 'e')
statusE.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 1, pady = 1, sticky = 'se')
statusE.config(bg = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45))
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
searchLabel = Label(entryFrame)
searchLabel.grid(row = 1, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)
searchLabel.config(text = "Search Text Field")

searchEntry = Entry(entryFrame, width = 20)
searchEntry.bind("<Return>", searchTextbox)
searchEntry.bind("<Shift-Return>", next_match)
searchEntry.bind("<Control-Return>", prev_match)
searchEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5)

keywordLabel = Label(entryFrame)
keywordLabel.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)
keywordLabel.config(text = "Keyword Search")

keywordEntry = Entry(entryFrame, width = 20)
keywordEntry.bind("<Return>", kw_entry)
keywordEntry.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5)

UpdateKeywordsButton = tkinter.Button(entryFrame, fg = 'Black', bg = 'Orange', text = "Update Notes", command = appendNotes)
UpdateKeywordsButton.grid(row = 2, column = 0, padx = 5, pady = 5)

MintThemeDefault("#%02x%02x%02x" % (64,89,82), "#%02x%02x%02x" % (0, 23, 45), "#%02x%02x%02x" % (175, 167, 157), PhotoImage(file = "./Colors/pybgbase.png"))
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Close Program >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def statusClock():
    statusE.config(text = "{}".format(militaryTime()) + "  Preparing to do nothing...")
    statusE.after(200, statusClock)
statusClock()
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< Close Program >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def closeProgram():
    answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Leaving MINT?", "Are you sure you want to leave MINT")
    if answer == "yes":
        answer = tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Save work?", "Would you like to save before you exit MINT?")
        if answer == "yes":
            appendNotes
            root.destroy()
        else:
            root.destroy()
    else:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("MINTy Fresh!", "Welcome Back XD")
#~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~< root Main Loop >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
print(process.memory_info().rss)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closeProgram)
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

我也刚开始用Python编程，两个月前，我还在试图用tkinter :)构建应用程序时遇到了同样的问题。当我理解这个概念的时候，我会尝试用术语来解释，并希望它能为你努力实现的目标提供一些启示，但我远不是专家:)。

使用self.variable = value的思想是将该值添加为对象(self)的属性，然后能够在类中的任何地方回忆该值。如果不将其作为对象的属性添加，则无法在声明变量的位置以外的任何函数中访问该值。

因此，您必须问自己一个问题:在定义变量的作用域以外的任何地方，我是否需要访问这个变量？这意味着在类内的另一个函数中，也在主脚本中，通过调用实例属性。

如果您不需要访问它，那么让它具有对象属性是没有意义的。

至于tkinter，您创建了一些对象，如果不将其作为类实例的属性添加，它们将被垃圾收集和销毁(它们将被创建，并将立即消失)。

在我的头顶上，来自tkinter的这些对象是: StringVar、IntVar和其他Var类型的特殊变量。另外，如果您创建了显示图像的对象--它们(图像)必须作为属性添加，否则它们将不显示。

例如，tkinter的其他元素，如entry或按钮，如果不像我的测试显示的那样作为属性添加，就不会消失，并且可以在不将它们作为属性添加的情况下创建它们。如果按钮中有一个命令，但无论如何都需要访问按钮对象本身，那么首先必须将按钮作为实例属性。(例如，其中一个函数更改按下的按钮的配置以更改它的外观-尽管该按钮将正常显示，并且不会收到垃圾收集，但您必须将其作为实例属性添加到更改其外观的函数中。)

希望它至少对你有一点帮助。编码愉快！

托马什

Answer 2

这篇评论将是一张便条小马..。

我查看了您之前提交的评论，其中一个非常一致的主题是Python约定，它从pep8开始。显然，您正在努力成为一个更好的程序员，但是pep8的建议并没有被坚持。所以我要假设这是因为它的效用并不明显。

以下是一些随机的想法试图动摇你..。:-)

关于软件质量的

维基百科

我们将从维基百科的引语开始：

质量软件同行评审经常涉及到读取源代码。这种类型的同行评审主要是一种缺陷检测活动。根据定义，在提交代码供审阅之前，只有代码的原始作者读取了源文件。使用一致准则编写的代码更容易让其他审查员理解和吸收，从而提高缺陷检测过程的效率。

问:黑客和SW工程师有什么区别？

答:黑客编写的代码工作，SW工程师编写的代码，其他人可以工作。

这是我尝试的一个笑话，试图说明风格一致性的重要性。接下来的笑话是，当你回到自己的代码时，当你离开一段时间后，其他人常常会成为你自己，然后看着它，然后开始感叹。

，但这有点痛。

是的是..。直到你擅长于此。最好的方法就是练习。

我的第一条建议是买一个样式/棉线检查器。我使用吡咯烷酮，它将显示编辑器中的样式和编译问题。如果有任何违规行为，它会在右边的栏中加上一个小标记，而把这些标记敲掉也不像让代码起作用那样令人满意，但它同样能给人一种成就感。