blocks|key|5080098|text|为了达到这个目的，一组不错的书是Randall的“编写伟大的代码”系列(Vol.1+第二卷)：从用高级语言编写高效代码所需了解的角度，明确地描述了机器体系结构。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1593270038|1|http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1593270658^0|10|5|0|16|3|1^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@$A|N|B|O|1|P]|$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]]|D|$E|$5|F|G|H|C|$I|J]]|K|$5|F|G|H|C|$I|L]]]]

A nice set of books for precisely this purpose is Randall Hyde's "Write Great Code" series
(<a href="http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1593270038">Vol.1</a> <a href="http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1593270658">Vol. 2</a>): description of machine architecture explicitly from the perspective of what you need to know to write efficient code in high-level languages.

blocks|key|5080079|text|可悲的是，我不知道有一种与微处理器类似的现代模式:+R.杜瓦的程序员的观点。我最了解的是“计算机组织与设计”(+Computer+Organization+and+Design+)，第四版:大卫·A·帕特森(+David+A.+Patterson+)和约翰·L·亨内西(+John+L.+Hennessy+)的“硬件/软件界面”(+The+Hardware/Software+Interface+)，但我不确定你是否会把它看得太低；你肯定会为他们的另一部作品“计算机架构”(+Computer+Architecture，一种定量方法)而这么做。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|5080080|在线上，这个http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/Architecture/course.pdf可能会给你你想要的东西。|offset|length|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/Architecture/course.pdf^0|0|6|1Q|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$D|O|E|P|1|Q]]|A|$]]]|F|$G|$5|H|I|J|A|$K|L]]]]

Sadly I don't know a modern equivalent to Microprocessors: A Programmer's View by R. Dewar. The nearest I know of is Computer Organization and Design, Fourth Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, but I'm not sure that you won't consider it too low level; you'll for sure do it for their other opus, Computer Architecture, a quantitative approach.

Online, this <a href="http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/Architecture/course.pdf">http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/Architecture/course.pdf</a> will perhaps gives you what you want.

blocks|key|5080236|text|对于x86平台，获取英特尔的IA-32和英特尔64处理器手册的副本。优化参考手册从低层次的角度讨论了英特尔x86+CPU中的许多问题。AMD也有涵盖同样问题的类似手册。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5080237|大多数其他CPU体系结构都有类似的手册来讨论性能问题。(如手臂和PowerPC.)|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.intel.com/products/processor/manuals/|1|http://developer.amd.com/documentation/guides/pages/default.aspx|2|http://www.arm.com/support/resources/arm-books/index.php|3|https://www-01.ibm.com/chips/techlib/techlib.nsf/techdocs/852569B20050FF7785256996007558C6^0|A|K|0|27|4|1|0|T|2|2|W|7|3^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@$A|10|B|11|1|12]|$A|13|B|14|1|15]]|C|$]]]|F|$G|$5|H|I|J|C|$K|L]]|M|$5|H|I|J|C|$K|N]]|O|$5|H|I|J|C|$K|P]]|Q|$5|H|I|J|C|$K|R]]]]

For x86 platforms, grab a copy of <a href="http://www.intel.com/products/processor/manuals/">Intel's IA-32 and Intel 64 processor manuals</a>. The optimization reference manual discusses a lot of these issues from a low-level perspective for Intel x86 CPUs. AMD also has <a href="http://developer.amd.com/documentation/guides/pages/default.aspx">similar manuals</a> that cover the same issues.

Most other CPU architectures have similar manuals that discuss performance issues. (E.g. <a href="http://www.arm.com/support/resources/arm-books/index.php">ARM</a> and <a href="https://www-01.ibm.com/chips/techlib/techlib.nsf/techdocs/852569B20050FF7785256996007558C6">PowerPC</a>.)

blocks|key|1341957|text|我发现Hennessy和Patterson+(亚马逊链接)的“计算机体系结构:定量方法”(+computer+:+approach+)是一种非常强大和坚实的计算机体系结构方法，其中有许多与编程直接相关的案例研究。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1341958|在美国的几个本科和研究生水平的CS建筑课程中，它已经不同程度地被使用了。|1341959|它也有一段时间前的Ars+Technica综述。|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0123704901|1|http://arstechnica.com/etc/books/comp-arc.html^0|N|5|0|0|0|9|E|1^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]]|H|$I|$5|J|K|L|C|$M|N]]|O|$5|J|K|L|C|$M|P]]]]

I find "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" by Hennessy and Patterson (<a href="http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0123704901" rel="nofollow">Amazon link</a>) to be a very strong and solid approach to computer architecture, with quite a few case studies that are directly relevant to programming. 

It's used to various extents in several undergraduate and graduate level CS architecture courses in the US.

It also got a <a href="http://arstechnica.com/etc/books/comp-arc.html" rel="nofollow">great review on Ars Technica</a> a while back.

blocks|key|5080118|text|这就是我现在在计算机系统课程中使用的计算机系统:程序员的观点(第二版)，当这个课程刚刚开始的时候，我已经研究过了，并且非常喜欢它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5080119|这本书的描述如下：|5080120|学习计算机科学或计算机工程的学生很少有机会建立计算机系统。另一方面，大多数学生将被要求在几乎每天的基础上使用和编程计算机。“计算机系统:程序员的观点”通过展示这些思想如何影响应用程序的正确性、性能和实用性，介绍了作为计算机系统基础的重要和持久的概念。课文的实际操作方法(包括一套全面的实验室)帮助学生理解现代计算机系统的“底层”操作，并为未来的系统课程做好准备，如编译器、计算机体系结构、操作系统和网络。|blockquote|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0136108040^0|I|H|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|O]]]]

This is what I'm using in my Computer Systems class now <a href="http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0136108040" rel="nofollow">Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective (2nd Edition)</a> and while the class just started, I have looked into it and really like it. 

Here is the book's description:

<blockquote>
 Few students studying computer science or computer engineering will ever have the opportunity to build a computer system. On the other hand, most students will be required to use and program computers on a near daily basis. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective introduces the important and enduring concepts that underlie computer systems by showing how these ideas affect the correctness, performance, and utility of application programs. The text's hands-on approach (including a comprehensive set of labs) helps students understand the “under-the-hood” operation of a modern computer system and prepares them for future courses in systems topics such as compilers, computer architecture, operating systems, and networking.
</blockquote>

blocks|key|5080330|text|这是很多工作，但编程语言语用学可能正是您正在寻找的。从理论上讲，这本书主要是关于解析和编译的(对于那些想真正学习编程的人来说，这是基本知识+)，在这个过程中，你将最终学习语言概念如何转化为低层次上正在发生的事情。更好的是，您将同时学习多种语言，并且能够智能地比较和对比不同语言的实际工作方式。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5080331|除非你能花几个月的时间来学习这些材料，否则我不能推荐它。它不是那种你只是浏览和突然开悟的东西。但如果你是认真的那我强烈建议你。|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0123745144|1|http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2007/06/rich-programmer-food.html^0|8|7|0|1T|4|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$A|P|B|Q|1|R]|$A|S|B|T|1|U]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|F|$G|$5|H|I|J|C|$K|L]]|M|$5|H|I|J|C|$K|N]]]]

It is a lot of work, but <a href="http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0123745144" rel="nofollow">Programming Language Pragmatics</a> might be exactly what you are looking for. The book is theoretically mostly about parsing and compilation (which is <a href="http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2007/06/rich-programmer-food.html" rel="nofollow">essential knowledge</a> for those who want to really learn programming) and in the process you'll wind up learning how language concepts translate into what is going on at a low level. Better yet you'll learn this for many languages at once and you'll be able to intelligently compare and contrast how different languages actually work.

I can't recommend it unless you can dedicate several months to actually learning the material. It isn't the sort of stuff that you just skim and are suddenly enlightened. But if you're serious then I highly recommend it.

blocks|key|5080132|text|大多数关于汇编语言的书籍将讨论相关的体系结构特性，但通常只针对本书所针对的体系结构。因此，您将获得关于缓存溢出和MMU页面映射技术的信息，但可能没有任何关于endianness的信息。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|entityMap^0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|B|$]]

Most books on assembly language will discuss relevant architecture features, but usually only for the architecture the book is targeting. So you'll get information on cache spills and MMU page-mapping techniques, but probably not anything on endianness.

I typically run across gurus at SO and other places (instructors, book authors etc.) that would say something along the lines <code>"This will cause alignment issues"</code> or other low level tidbits. 

I want to learn about all these tidbits that are <code>relevant</code> to programming. Now usually when I see low level books (computer architecture books for example) they are too low level and geared towards people whose primary area of interest is computer architecture and not software design.

Do you have recommendations for books that go through low-level stuff that is relevant to programmers?

Learning computer architecture as a programmer

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我通常会在SO和其他地方遇到古鲁(导师、书籍作者等)。这说明了一些类似于"This will cause alignment issues"或其他低水平的小道消息。我想了解所有这些对于编程来说都是relevant的小道消息。现在，通常当我看到低层次的书籍(例如计算机体系结构书籍)时，它们的水平太低，并且面向的是那些主要感兴趣领域是计算机架构而不是软件设计的人。你有没有推荐那些通过与程序员相关的低级

问作为程序员学习计算机体系结构
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