了解启用多个档案的机器上的智能行为

Question

我不得不处理Debian服务器，我相信它最初是压缩的，但是管理员启用了几个发行版：

deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free

并在/etc/apt/apt.conf：APT::Default-Release "testing";中指定。

因此，当我询问某个方案的状态时，它会产生争议性的证词：

me@server: aptitude search emboss
i A emboss                                       - european molecular biology open software suite   

me@server: aptitude show emboss
Package: emboss                          
New: yes
State: not installed
Automatically installed: yes
...

apt-cache show emboss显示了4份感兴趣的包("emboss")的信息，其中一份包含行Status: install ok installed，这意味着它已经安装好了。

Package: emboss
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: science
Installed-Size: 4020
Maintainer: Debian Med Packaging Team <debian-med-packaging@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 6.3.1-6
Depends: emboss-lib (= 6.3.1-6), libc6 (>= 2.7), libexpat1 (>= 1.95.8), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.8.0), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libgd2-noxpm (>= 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg) | libgd2-xpm (>= 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg), libhpdf-2.1.0 (>= 2.1.0+dfsg), libjpeg62 (>= 6b1), libmysqlclient16 (>= 5.1.21-1), libpng12-0 (>= 1.2.13-4), libpq5 (>= 8.4~0cvs20090328), libx11-6, libxpm4, zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4), emboss-data (= 6.3.1-6)
Recommends: primer3, dialign
Suggests: emboss-doc, emboss-test, embassy, clustalw
Description: the european molecular biology open software suite
 EMBOSS is a free Open Source software analysis package specially developed for
 the needs of the molecular biology (e.g. EMBnet) user community. The software
 automatically copes with data in a variety of formats and even allows
 transparent retrieval of sequence data from the web. Also, as extensive
 libraries are provided with the package, it is a platform to allow other
 scientists to develop and release software in true open source spirit. EMBOSS
 also integrates a range of currently available packages and tools for sequence
 analysis into a seamless whole. EMBOSS breaks the historical trend towards
 commercial software packages.
Homepage: http://emboss.sourceforge.net

我的问题是: 1)我如何知道，从哪个发行版(稳定的，测试的，不稳定的，实验性的)目前安装的软件包版本？如何在命令(例如，在dpkg -L中)中引用它? 2)智能命令(show和search)是如何选择的，它们应该报告哪个版本的包？为什么show算法和search算法不同？

请不要回答创建混合发行版是一种糟糕的做法。我完全同意，但还是得处理那台机器。

Answer 1

apt-cache policy packagename_here可以告诉您包的哪个版本在哪个存储库中可用。