修复Debian测试发行版中损坏的包

Question

我正在VirtualBox实例中使用(LMDE)来试用它，看看它是否适合我的主操作系统。我非常胜任大多数系统管理，我希望有一些类似于基于Debian测试的LMDE，这样我就可以拥有一个比Ubuntu/Linux更有活力/最新的操作系统，而Ubuntu/Linux正是我过去一直运行的。每6个月重新安装一次操作系统来跟上我的进度，对我来说是不对的。

在安装虚拟LMDE、apt-get update和apt-get dist-upgrade之后，我得到了以下错误：

Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-really-bad libntfs-3g75 libntfs-3g804 libvlccore4 vlc
  vlc-nox vlc-plugin-notify vlc-plugin-pulse
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cpp-4.5 gcc-4.5 gcc-4.5-base gcj-4.6-base gcj-4.6-jre-lib gir1.2-peas-1.0
  gnome-desktop3-data libaacplus2 libaacs0 libbluray-bdj libbluray1
  libcrystalhd3 libelfg0 libevince3 libgail-3-0 libgcj-bc libgcj-common
  libgcj12 libgdata1.8-cil libglew1.6 libgnome-desktop-3-0 libjaxp1.3-java
  libjaxp1.3-java-gcj liblockfile-bin libmhash2 libmission-control-plugins0
  libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libpoppler-glib6
  libpoppler13 libseed-gtk3-0 libsigsegv2 libvlccore5 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0
  libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxerces2-java
  libxerces2-java-gcj linux-headers-3.0.0-1-amd64 linux-headers-3.0.0-1-common
  linux-headers-amd64 linux-image-3.0.0-1-amd64 linux-image-amd64
  linux-kbuild-3.0.0 poppler-data zenity-common
The following packages have been kept back:
  foomatic-db-engine gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libavcodec53 mplayer
The following packages will be upgraded:
  acpid alsa-utils apt apt-file apt-utils aspell aspell-en banshee base-passwd
  bc binfmt-support brasero brasero-common bsdutils busybox cpp-4.4
  cpufrequtils cron cups cups-client cups-common cups-driver-gutenprint
  cups-ppdc curl dc dkms dmsetup eog evince evince-common fakeroot
  firmware-atheros firmware-bnx2 firmware-bnx2x firmware-intelwimax
  firmware-ipw2x00 firmware-ivtv firmware-iwlwifi firmware-linux
  firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-qlogic firmware-ralink firmware-realtek
  foomatic-db foomatic-filters fortunes-husse fuse fuse-utils g++-4.4 gawk
  gcc-4.4 gcc-4.4-base gconf-editor genisoimage gettext-base gimp
  gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gnome-applets gnome-applets-data
  gnome-bluetooth gnome-disk-utility gnome-nettool gnome-power-manager
  gnome-user-share grep grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gzip hal hwdata iptables iso-codes jfsutils
  klibc-utils libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libapache2-mod-dnssd libarchive1
  libart2.0-cil libaspell15 libaudio2 libavutil51 libblas3gf libbrasero-media0
  libbs2b0 libburn4 libcap2-bin libcpufreq0 libcupscgi1 libcupsdriver1
  libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3 libdevmapper1.02.1 libedit2
  libenchant1c2a libencode-locale-perl libevolution libfaac0 libfuse2
  libgconf2.0-cil libgdiplus libgdu-gtk0 libgdu0 libgimp2.0 libglade2.0-cil
  libglib-perl libglib2.0-cil libglu1-mesa libgnome-bluetooth7
  libgnome-vfs2.0-cil libgnome2.24-cil libgnomecanvas2-0
  libgnomecanvas2-common libgnomepanel2.24-cil libgnomeui-0 libgnomeui-common
  libgstfarsight0.10-0 libgtk2.0-cil libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a libgudev-1.0-0
  libgutenprint2 libhal-storage1 libhal1 libhtml-format-perl
  libhtml-template-perl libieee1284-3 libijs-0.35 libisofs6 libjpeg62
  libjs-jquery libkarma0 libklibc libkpathsea5 liblapack3gf liblcms1
  liblist-moreutils-perl liblocale-gettext-perl liblockfile1 liblua5.1-0
  liblvm2app2.2 liblzma2 liblzo2-2 libmjpegtools-2.0-0 libmng1
  libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil libmono-addins0.2-cil libmpfr4 libmtp-common
  libnotify-bin libnspr4-0d libnss3-1d liboobs-1-4 libparted0debian1 libpci3
  libpcre3 libpcsclite1 libplist1 libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-backend-1-0
  libpolkit-gobject-1-0 libpolkit-gtk-1-0 libportaudio2 libpurple-bin
  libpurple0 libraptor2-0 librasqal3 librecode0 libreoffice libreoffice-base
  libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core
  libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-filter-mobiledev
  libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-impress
  libreoffice-java-common libreoffice-math libreoffice-report-builder-bin
  libreoffice-style-galaxy libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer
  libruby1.8 libsane libsane-common libsgutils2-2 libsmbclient
  libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsqlite0 libssh2-1 libstdc++6-4.4-dev libswscale2
  libtalloc2 libtdb1 libtelepathy-glib0 libtext-charwidth-perl
  libtext-iconv-perl liburi-perl libusb-1.0-0 libv4l-0 libvlc5 libwbclient0
  libwmf0.2-7 libxapian22 libxml2-utils libxslt1.1 libxv1 libyajl1
  linux-headers-2.6-amd64 linux-image-2.6-amd64 locales m4 man-db manpages
  manpages-dev mesa-utils mint-meta-codecs mintbackup mintmenu
  mintupdate-debian mintwelcome mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager
  multiarch-support nautilus-share net-tools network-manager-gnome
  notification-daemon ntfs-3g ntp openssh-client p7zip p7zip-full pciutils
  pidgin pidgin-data policykit-1 policykit-1-gnome poppler-utils procps
  python-bugbuddy python-chardet python-debian python-evolution
  python-gnomeapplet python-gnomedesktop python-gnomekeyring python-gtkspell
  python-libxml2 python-mako python-markupsafe python-notify python-openssl
  python-parted python-uno python-wnck python-xapian rsyslog ruby1.8 samba
  samba-common samba-common-bin sane-utils simple-scan system-tools-backends
  sysvinit telepathy-gabble telepathy-mission-control-5 thunderbird
  thunderbird-l10n-en-us transmission-common transmission-gtk ttf-dejavu
  ttf-dejavu-core ttf-dejavu-extra ttf-opensymbol ufraw-batch ufw uno-libs3
  update-inetd ure usb-modeswitch usb-modeswitch-data usbutils uuid-runtime
  vim-common vim-tiny vino vlc-data w3m wget wvdial xdg-user-dirs xinit xnest
  xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-video-all xsltproc xz-utils
  zenity
Preconfiguring packages ...
309 upgraded, 49 newly installed, 8 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/424 MB of archives.
After this operation, 325 MB of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 
(Reading database ... 137421 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad 0.10.22-2 (using .../gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad_0.10.22-3_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad ...
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad_0.10.22-3_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstxvid.so', which is also in package gstreamer0.10-plugins-really-bad 0.10.22-0.1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad_0.10.22-3_amd64.deb

显然，gstreamer-plugins-bad有一个丑陋的(双关语！)试图卸载自身或被替换的时间。真奇怪。在Ubuntu管理的“我的多年”中，我从来没有见过这样的问题，这可能是因为人们在夜以继日地工作，以确保我不会看到这样的问题。

我怎样才能解决这个问题？

Answer 1

这真的很奇怪，您似乎有三个版本的gStreer0.10插件-坏的：

1. 安装版本不最新: 0.10.22-2
2. 最新版本: 0.10.22-3
3. wtf版本: 0.10.22-0.1

我想您需要以某种方式删除这个"0.10.22-0.1“版本。你可以尝试：

apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-really-bad=0.10.22-0.1

或

dpkg -r gstreamer0.10-plugins-really-bad

以删除版本0.10.22-2或0.10.22-0.1。在此之后，您的系统上只有一个版本的这个包，您应该能够升级。

注意:如果你也删除并重新安装这个系统，这样做可能会更好，这样才能恢复一个健康的系统。

Answer 2

即使包覆盖了来自不同包的文件，也可以强制安装包。当然，这通常是不推荐的，等等，但工具给你权力去做它。

sudo dpkg --force-overwrite -i /var/cache/apt/archives/gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad_0.10.22-3_amd64.deb