法语共轭表

Question

我正在为法语构造一个共轭表的模型。有名词变体、副词变体和19个动词连词。我试图对数据进行建模，以便可以以与遍历以下XML树(摘自我的XML字典文件)相同的方式访问每一块数据：

<Word word="être" aspirate="false">
    <GrammaticalForms>
      <GrammaticalForm form="nm" definition="A being (e.g. animal, insect)."></GrammaticalForm>
      <GrammaticalForm form="vi" definition="The be (a state of existence)."></GrammaticalForm>
    </GrammaticalForms>
    <ConjugationTables>
      <NounTable ms="être" fs="" mpl="êtres" fpl="" gender="m"></NounTable>
      <AdjectiveTable ms="" fs="" mpl="" fpl="" na=""></AdjectiveTable>
      <VerbTable group="e" auxillary="a" prepositions="à, de, des, en" transitive="false" pronominal="false">
        <Indicative>
          <Present fps="suis" sps="es" tps="est" fpp="sommes" spp="êtes" tpp="sont"></Present>
          <SimplePast fps="fus" sps="fus" tps="fut" fpp="fûmes" spp="fûtes" tpp="furent"></SimplePast>
          <PresentPerfect fps="ai été" sps="as été" tps="a été" fpp="avons été" spp="avez été" tpp="ont été"></PresentPerfect>
          <PastPerfect fps="eus été" sps="eus été" tps="eut été" fpp="eûmes été" spp="eûtes été" tpp="eurent été"></PastPerfect>
          <Imperfect fps="étais" sps="étais" tps="était" fpp="étions" spp="étiez" tpp="étaient"></Imperfect>
          <Pluperfect fps="avais été" sps="avais été" tps="avait été" fpp="avions été" spp="aviez été" tpp="avaient été"></Pluperfect>
          <Future fps="serai" sps="seras" tps="sera" fpp="serons" spp="serez" tpp="seront"></Future>
          <PastFuture fps="aurai été" sps="auras été" tps="aura été" fpp="aurons été" spp="aurez été" tpp="auront été"></PastFuture>
        </Indicative>
        <Subjunctive>
          <Present fps="sois" sps="sois" tps="soit" fpp="soyons" spp="soyez" tpp="soient"></Present>
          <Past fps="aie été" sps="aies été" tps="ait été" fpp="ayons été" spp="ayez été" tpp="aient été"></Past>
          <Imperfect fps="fusse" sps="fusses" tps="fût" fpp="fussions" spp="fussiez" tpp="fussent"></Imperfect>
          <Pluperfect fps="eusse été" sps="eusses été" tps="eût été" fpp="eussions été" spp="eussiez été" tpp="eussent été"></Pluperfect>
        </Subjunctive>
        <Conditional>
          <Present fps="serais" sps="serais" tps="serait" fpp="serions" spp="seriez" tpp="seraient"></Present>
          <FirstPast fps="aurais été" sps="aurais été" tps="aurait été" fpp="aurions été" spp="auriez été" tpp="auraient été"></FirstPast>
          <SecondPast fps="eusse été" sps="eusses été" tps="eût été" fpp="eussions été" spp="eussiez été" tpp="eussent été"></SecondPast>
        </Conditional>
        <Imperative>
          <Present sps="sois" fpp="soyons" spp="soyez"></Present>
          <Past sps="aie été" fpp="ayons été" spp="ayez été"></Past>
        </Imperative>
        <Infinitive present="être" past="avoir été"></Infinitive>
        <Participle present="étant" past="été"></Participle>
      </VerbTable>
    </ConjugationTables>
  </Word>

下面是我发现的对数据建模的方法。这只是一种存储机制。基本上，有必要在内存中保存整个字典(可能不包括标准的动词共轭，但这只会使事情变得更复杂--我可以在以后对此进行优化)。这将允许即时查找应用程序中的一个单词。Words将作为另一个类的数据成员存储在SortedDictionary中。还将有一个单独的拼写检查器的实现。

特定于语法的数据不应该是此架构的一部分。简单地说，特殊的异常，如bel (在以元音开头的单词之前出现的beau的拐点)将在应用程序的语法接口中单独处理。这种设计是为了在词典中的所有单词之间存储共同的属性，例如名词/形容词的变化，动词的接合，以及其他一些小的数据，如定义(S)，单词的语法形式等等。

以下是我所拥有的，并将在这里提到的其他答案的基础上加以改进(至少尽我所能)：

class Word
{
    // the infinitive Word in the Dictionary
    public string word { get; set; }
    // Whether or not the Word is aspirate - adjective forms and phonetics change.
    public bool aspirate { get; set; }
    /*
     * The list of grammatical forms that this Word can have. For example, 'être':
     * 'être' --> vi (verb intransitive) "to be".
     * '(un) être' --> nm (noun masculin) "(a) being".
     */
    public List<GrammaticalForm> forms { get; set; }

    public struct GrammaticalForm
    {
        // The grammatical identifier of the form (e.g., 'vi' or 'nm'). --> ENUM LATER
        public string form { get; set; }
        // The definition (meaning) of the Word in a particular form.
        public string definition { get; set; }
    }

    // The table of noun INFLECTIONS, if the Word has a grammatical form of a noun.
    public NounTable nounTable { get; set; }
    // The table of adjective INFLECTIONS, if the Word has a grammatical form of an adjective.
    public AdjectiveTable adjectiveTable { get; set; }
    // The table of verb conjugations, if the Word has a grammatical form of a verb.
    public VerbTable verbTable { get; set; }
}

abstract class ConjugationTable
{
    // If there are any properties that would eventually be shared among all conjugation
    // types, they would go here.
}

class NounTable : ConjugationTable
{
    /*
     * The gender of the noun:
     * 'ms' (masculin singular)
     * 'fs' (feminin singular)
     * 'mpl' (masculin plural)
     * 'fpl' (feminin plural)
     */
    public string gender { get; set; }
    public string ms { get; set; }
    public string fs { get; set; }
    public string mpl { get; set; }
    public string fpl { get; set; }
}

class AdjectiveTable : ConjugationTable
{
    /*
     * The gender of the adjective:
     * 'ms' (masculin singular)
     * 'fs' (feminin singular)
     * 'mpl' (masculin plural)
     * 'fpl' (feminin plural)
     * 'na' (non-aspirate)
     */
    public string ms { get; set; }
    public string fs { get; set; }
    public string mpl { get; set; }
    public string fpl { get; set; }
    public string na { get; set; }
    /*
     * The location of the adjective around the noun:
     * 'b' (before)
     * 'a' (after)
     * 'n' (neutral) --> the adjective can come before OR after the noun.
     */
    public char location { get; set; }
}

class VerbTable : ConjugationTable
{
    /* 
     * The group the verb belongs to:
     * 'f' (first) --> er.
     * 's' (second) --> ir.
     * 't' (third) --> ir, oir, re.
     * 'e' (exception) --> être, avoir, etc.
     */
    public char group { get; set; }
    /*
     * The auxillary verb the verb takes:
     * 'e' (être).
     * 'a' (avoir).
     */
    public char auxillary { get; set; }
    // A list of grammatically-valid prepositions the verb can take.
    public string[] prepositions { get; set; }
    // Whether or not the verb is transitive.
    public bool transitive { get; set; }
    /*
     * Whether or not the verb has a pronominal form. If true, a function will later
     * conjugate the pronominal infinitive of the verb for lookup in the Dictionary.
     * This saves space over allocating a string of the conjugated pronominal infinitive.
     */
    public bool pronominal { get; set; }

    /*
     * The subject of the verb determined by the markers:
     * 'fps' (first person singular)
     * 'sps' (second person singular)
     * 'tps' (third person singular)
     * 'fpp' (first person plural)
     * 'spp' (second person plural)
     * 'tpp' (third person plural)
     * 'present' (present tense)
     * 'past' (past tense)
     * and their accompanying conjugations.
     */

    // All of the different conjugation types are instantiated
    // when a VerbTable is instantiated.

    public IndicativePresent indicativePresent = new IndicativePresent();
    public IndicativeSimplePast indicativeSimplePast = new IndicativeSimplePast();
    public IndicativePresentPerfect indicativePresentPerfect = new IndicativePresentPerfect();
    public IndicativePastPerfect indicativePastPerfect = new IndicativePastPerfect();
    public IndicativeImperfect indicativeImperfect = new IndicativeImperfect();
    public IndicativePluperfect indicativePluperfect = new IndicativePluperfect();
    public IndicativeFuture indicativeFuture = new IndicativeFuture();
    public IndicativePastFuture indicativePastFuture = new IndicativePastFuture();
    public SubjunctivePresent subjunctivePresent = new SubjunctivePresent();
    public SubjunctivePast subjunctivePast = new SubjunctivePast();
    public SubjunctiveImperfect subjunctiveImperfect = new SubjunctiveImperfect();
    public SubjunctivePluperfect subjunctivePluperfect = new SubjunctivePluperfect();
    public ConditionalPresent conditionalPresent = new ConditionalPresent();
    public ConditionalFirstPast conditionalFirstPast = new ConditionalFirstPast();
    public ConditionalSecondPast conditionalSecondPast = new ConditionalSecondPast();
    public ImperativePresent imperativePresent = new ImperativePresent();
    public ImperativePast imperativePast = new ImperativePast();
    public Infinitive infinitive = new Infinitive();
    public Participle participle = new Participle();
}

abstract class Indicative
{
    // Any common elements that indicative tenses share.
    public abstract string fps { get; set; }
    public abstract string sps { get; set; }
    public abstract string tps { get; set; }
    public abstract string fpp { get; set; }
    public abstract string spp { get; set; }
    public abstract string tpp { get; set; }
}

abstract class Subjunctive
{
    // Any common elements that subjunctive tenses share.
    public abstract string fps { get; set; }
    public abstract string sps { get; set; }
    public abstract string tps { get; set; }
    public abstract string fpp { get; set; }
    public abstract string spp { get; set; }
    public abstract string tpp { get; set; }
}

abstract class Conditional
{
    // Any common elements that conditional tenses share.
    public abstract string fps { get; set; }
    public abstract string sps { get; set; }
    public abstract string tps { get; set; }
    public abstract string fpp { get; set; }
    public abstract string spp { get; set; }
    public abstract string tpp { get; set; }
}

abstract class Imperative
{
    // Any common elements that imperative tenses share.
    public abstract string sps { get; set; }
    public abstract string fpp { get; set; }
    public abstract string spp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativePresent : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativeSimplePast : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativePresentPerfect : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativePastPerfect : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativeImperfect : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativePluperfect : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativeFuture : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class IndicativePastFuture : Indicative
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class SubjunctivePresent : Subjunctive
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class SubjunctivePast : Subjunctive
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class SubjunctiveImperfect : Subjunctive
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class SubjunctivePluperfect : Subjunctive
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class ConditionalPresent : Conditional
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class ConditionalFirstPast : Conditional
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class ConditionalSecondPast : Conditional
{
    public override string fps { get; set; }
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string tps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
    public override string tpp { get; set; }
}

class ImperativePresent : Imperative
{
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
}

class ImperativePast : Imperative
{
    public override string sps { get; set; }
    public override string fpp { get; set; }
    public override string spp { get; set; }
}

class Infinitive
{
    public string present { get; set; }
    public string past { get; set; }
}

class Participle
{
    public string present { get; set; }
    public string past { get; set; }
}

Answer 1

我将主要评论查询界面，因为对于如何存储所有这些单词表单，我没有很好的想法。

你有一个小的组合爆炸问题，你应该承认。在法语中，名词和形容词的变化主要取决于性别和数字，因此您应该公开一个接受两个独立参数的Inflect()方法，而不是四个无参数获取器。当涉及动词时，带有独立论点的界面变得更为明显，动词也取决于人、时态和情绪。

正如人类语言中常见的情况一样，有些特殊的情况你可能会考虑。例如，形容词博乌以形式出现。

• beau (阳性单数)
• belle (女性单数)
• beaux (男性复数)
• (女性复数)

然而，在以元音或静音h开头的单词之前，阳性单数就变成了美语。此外，下面的单词不一定是被修改的名词(例如un et vaste沙龙)。可能还有其他的例子和论据来保持接口的灵活性，以处理这种语言缺陷。

动词组可能应该是第一、第二、第三、不规范(例如:存在)和缺陷(例如，falloir)。