blocks|key|4343613|text|简洁的答案是"S/W“=软件和"H/W”=硬件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4343614|一座桥过去是一台计算机，通过一个特殊的程序控制第二层的流量，因此是“软件”。|4343615|一个交换机是为目的而建立的，第二层的业务流在通过交换机时由特殊的硬件(如其他答案中提到的ASIC)控制。|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

The succinct answer is "S/W" = software and "H/W" = hardware.

A bridge used to be a computer and controlled the layer 2 traffic flowing through it with a special program, hence "software."

A switch is built for purpose and the layer 2 traffic flow is controlled by special hardware (ASICs as mentioned in other answers) as it flows through the switch.

blocks|key|3198226|text|马特，问得好！|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3198227|桥和开关几乎是一样的东西。桥牌，现在(在2014年;-)，是现代操作系统的一个基本功能，所以这是软件。让我们看看桥的体系结构(桥接操作在ieee+802.1D中描述)，桥必须有：|3198228|转发过程，转发帧。|ordered-list-item|3198229|学习过程，将传入帧源地址写入装修数据库。|3198230|过滤数据库，保存关于在哪个接口后面可以找到哪个主机的信息，用于转发过程。|3198231|所有这些操作都是使用CPU的，这是由另一个操作系统进程共享的，这是一个重要的问题。|3198232|那么什么是典型的开关呢？|3198233|像往常一样，开关有多个(！)不同的类型(！)处理器：|3198234|CPU(一个或多个在“大型”企业\isp系统上使用)，即切换OS管理操作。|unordered-list-item|3198235|而且很少有专门的处理器-+ASIC+(每个4-12端口上有一个ASIC，取决于供应商策略、交换机类型、端口带宽)，它们只能“”转发帧，但一些交换机(企业)可以修改帧、构建智能队列等。|3198236|因此，在切换前向帧时，只使用ASIC，理论上CPU可以过载，但切换工作正常。ASIC和CPU是分开的，ASIC甚至有自己的超快存储器(CPU有典型的RAM)。当您向交换机发送配置命令时，CPU会接收来自ssh\telnet进程的命令，并将它们发送到ASIC。|3198237|交换机架构非常复杂，而且它是厂商专用的，IMHO，现代交换机这是真正的工程卓越。|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|F|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|F|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|S|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|S|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|W|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|Z|$]]

Matt, good question!

Bridge and switch are almost same things. Bridge, now(in 2014 ;-), is a basic function of the ever modern OS, so this is software. Lets look on bridge architecture(bridge operations are described in ieee 802.1D), bridge must have:

<ol>
<li>forwarding proccess, forwards frames.</li>
<li>learning proccess, writes incoming frames source addresses to the fitering database</li>
<li>filtering database, holds info about what host can be found behind what interface, used by forwarding proccess.</li>
</ol>

All this operations are uses CPU, which is shared by another OS proccesses, this is an important.

So what is typical switch? 

Switch, as usual, have multiple (!)different type(!) processors: 

<ul>
<li>CPU(one or multiple on "big" enterprise\isp swithces), which is do switch OS management operations. </li>
<li>And few specialized proccessors - ASICs(one ASIC on each 4-12 ports, depends from vendor policy, switch type, ports bandwidth), which are can "only" forwards frames, but some switches(enterprise) can modify frames, build smart queues, etc. </li>
</ul>

So, when switch forwards frame, it is uses just ASIC, and in theory, CPU can be overloaded, but switching will works fine. ASICs and CPU are separated, ASICs even haves own superfast memory(CPU have typical RAM). When you are send configuration command to your switch oven ssh\telnet, CPU recieve commands from ssh\telnet process, and send them to the ASICs. 

Switches architecture is very complex, and it is vendor-specific, IMHO, modern switch this is true-engineering-excellence.

blocks|key|3198124|text|网桥和开关是一样的东西，营销造成了不同，所以桥牌不是花哨的，开关大约20年前就很酷了。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3198125|丹尼尔对s/w和.h/w的解释是对的|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|D|$]]

Bridge and switches are the same things, marketing make the difference, so bridge was not fancy and switch was cool about 20 yeas ago.

IMHO Daniel is right about interpretation of s/w &amp; .h/w

blocks|key|4343537|text|在网络设备中进行的所有操作都是程序。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4343538|通常，当大多数人想到运行程序时，这是在系统的处理器(CPU)、内存和存储资源中完成的。这是软件处理。它灵活，易于更新，并且可以很容易地被不同的程序共享。它可以用来运行那些在设备制造时根本没有想到的程序。|4343539|然而，在制造或使用ROM或闪存时，许多硬件组件也包含嵌入硅本身的程序。这是专门化的，通常仅限于运行它设计运行的程序类型。它可能是可升级的，也可能不是可升级的，但是这个过程通常更复杂。但是，当运行设计为运行的程序时，它运行该程序非常快，因为没有将程序加载到内存、存储器或CPU中。|4343540|一般来说，您希望尽可能多的网络流量是硬件处理，而不是软件处理。其原因是硬件处理速度快，并致力于此过程。基于软件的处理是共享的，当其他程序使用相同的资源时，可能会受到延迟。|4343541|虽然这应该能回答你关于“S/W和H/W是什么意思”的问题，但我将进一步阐述这一点，即技术总是在进步和变化。昨天软件的基础可能是今天的硬件。|4343542|闪存或固态存储通常在十到十五年前是不可想象的。这样的规模使用起来太贵了。然而，这种情况已发生迅速变化，并继续发生变化。谁现在没有USB闪存？有多少人在电脑上使用SSD？是的，与传统存储相比，每MB的价格仍然很昂贵，但这种差距正在缩小。|4343543|公司特有的、基于专用硬件的ASIC在交换方面一直是性能的王牌。在过去的几年里，“商品硅”正在迅速演变的网络格局。以低得多的成本，它可以提供与ASIC硬件相当的性能(取决于您与谁交谈)。|4343544|ASICs也会不断改进，在硬件本身中添加额外的功能。十年前，您无法在硬件中找到具有IPv6功能的开关，但今天您不应该考虑硬件中没有它的企业级开关(RA、警卫等)。|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

All operations that take place in a network device are programs.

Normally, when most people think of running a program, this is done in the system's processor (CPU), memory, and storage resources. This is software processing. It is flexible, easy to update, and can be shared by different programs easily. It can be used to run programs that weren't even thought of at the time the device was manufactured.

However, many hardware components also contain programs embedded into the silicon itself during manufacturing or using ROM or flash memory. This is specialized and often limited to running only the type of program it is designed to run. It may or may not be upgradeable, but the process is typically more involved. However, when running the program it is designed to run, it runs that program VERY fast as there is no loading the program into/out of memory, storage or the CPU.

Generally speaking, you want as much of your network traffic to be hardware processed rather than software processed. The reason being that hardware processing is fast and dedicated to the process. Software based processing is shared and may be subject to delays as other programs use the same resources.

While that should provide an answer to your question about "what does S/W and H/W mean," I will expand on that to say that technology is always advancing and changing. What was software based yesterday may be hardware based today.

Flash or solid state storage being used generally would have been unthinkable ten or fifteen years ago. It was simply too expensive to use on that scale. However, this has changed rapidly and continues to change. Who now doesn't have a USB flash drive? How many people are using SSD in computers? Yes, it is still expensive when priced per MB compared to traditional storage, but that gap is closing.

Company specific, proprietary hardware based ASICs in switching have long been the kings of performance. In the last several years, "commodity silicon" is rapidly evolving the networking landscape. At a much lower cost, it can provide equivalent (depending on who you talk to) performance as ASIC based hardware.

ASICs also always improve, adding additional functionality into the hardware itself. Ten years ago you couldn't find a switch with IPv6 functionality built into the hardware, but today you shouldn't consider an enterprise class switch that doesn't have it in hardware (RA guard, etc).

Bridge forwards frames between PCs based on S/W.

Switch forwards frames between PCs based on H/W.

What does S/W and H/W mean?

Bridges and switches

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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基于S/W.基于H/W的PC机间切换前向帧S/W和H/W是什么意思？

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