blocks|key|2232618|text|来自乔治·哈勒姆：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2232619|12确认；但是，仍然鼓励经常处理大量以太的交换和实体运行两种不同的Ethereum实现，并且只接受双方为达到最大安全性而确认的事务(例如Go+&+C%2B%2B)。|blockquote|2232620|供参考，12次确认约为3分钟。|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4eplsv/how_many_confirms_is_considered_safe_in_ethereum/^0|2|6|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|O]]]]

From <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4eplsv/how_many_confirms_is_considered_safe_in_ethereum/">George Hallam</a>:

<blockquote>
 12 confirmations; however, exchanges and entities handling very large amounts of Ether frequently are still encouraged to run two different Ethereum implementations and only accept transactions that have been confirmed by both for maximum security (e.g. Go &amp; C++).
</blockquote>

For reference, 12 confirmations is approximately 3 minutes.

blocks|key|2232573|text|geth客户端等待5个块来确认新的薄荷块(约1分钟)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2232574|I0201+19:07:07.354260++++9098+worker.go:349]+++Mined+block+(#1483+/+a2648b58).+Wait+5+blocks+for+confirmation|code-block|syntax|javascript|2232575|为了确保一个块不是叔父，或者包含在块中的事务不会挂在ommer中，我建议等待7次确认(大约2分钟)。来自白纸：|offset|length|2232576|B块中包含的叔父必须具有以下属性：...它必须是B的kth世代祖先的直接子代，其中2+<=+k+<=+7.+...。|blockquote|2232577|矿工需要检查最后250个区块的参数。如果你想在最安全的链条上，所有的脚都在地面上，就像矿工一样，等待250次确认(约1小时)。|2232578|一些交易所实行双管齐下，甚至等待500次确认(约2小时)。这可能伴随着任何地方都可读的安全警告，因为边界仍然不被认为是稳定的。我想这太过分了。|2232579|总之，它始终取决于您的应用程序和附加值来考虑哪些确认被认为是安全的。|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper#modified-ghost-implementation^0|0|0|1G|2|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$I|13|J|14|1|15]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|M|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|Z]]]]

The geth client waits 5 blocks for confirmation of fresh minted blocks (around 1 minute).

<pre><code>I0201 19:07:07.354260 9098 worker.go:349] Mined block (#1483 / a2648b58). Wait 5 blocks for confirmation
</code></pre>

To make sure a block is no uncle or a transaction included in a block does not hang up in an ommer, I would suggest waiting 7 confirmations (around 2 minutes). From the <a href="https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper#modified-ghost-implementation">whitepaper</a>:

<blockquote>
 An uncle included in block B must have the following properties: [...] It must be a direct child of the kth generation ancestor of B, where 2 &lt;= k &lt;= 7. [...]
</blockquote>

Miners need to check the parameters of the last 250 blocks. If you want to be on the most secure chain, with all feet on the ground, do it like the miners and wait for 250 confirmations (around 1 hour).

Some exchanges practice a double-all-in and even wait for 500 confirmations (about 2 hours). This might come along with the security warning that is readable everywhere because frontier is still not considered to be stable. I guess that's overkill.

To sum up, it always depends on your application and the attached value to consider which number of confirmations is considered to be secure.

blocks|key|2232479|text|由于幽灵协议，Ethereum在理论上比比特币更短的时间内实现了终结性。这意味着，在15秒的阻塞时间内，大约需要40个块来匹配6个比特币块所需的60分钟。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2232480|因此，假设没有重大的共识错误，在比特币中，40个确认应该比6个确认更安全。在实践中，对于规模合理的交易来说，大约20到25次确认就足够了.|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|D|$]]

Ethereum theoretically approaches finality in less time than Bitcoin, due to the GHOST protocol. This means that, with a 15 second block time, roughly 40 blocks are needed to match the 60 minutes that 6 Bitcoin blocks takes. 

Therefore, assuming no major consensus bugs, 40 confirmations should be more secure than 6 confirmations in bitcoin. In practice, about 20-25 confirmations should be enough for reasonably-sized transactions.

blocks|key|3376723|text|来自Vitalik+2015/09/14关于讨论“关于慢而快的阻止时代”的话题的https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/14/on-slow-and-fast-block-times/|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3376724|在速度更快的链上只需要少量额外的确认(准确地说，大约是2到5)才能弥补差距；因此，17秒块链可能需要10次确认(~3分钟)才能在此概率模型下实现与10分钟块链上的6次确认(~1小时)相同程度的安全性。|blockquote|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/14/on-slow-and-fast-block-times/^0|14|1U|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

From Vitalik Buterin says in Ethereum blog at 2015/09/14 about the topic of discussing "On Slow and Fast Block Times"
<a href="https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/14/on-slow-and-fast-block-times/">https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/14/on-slow-and-fast-block-times/</a>

<blockquote>
 only a small number of extra confirmations (to be precise, around two to five) on the faster chain is required to bridge the gap; hence, the 17-second blockchain will likely require ten confirmations (~three minutes) to achieve a similar degree of security under this probabilistic model to six confirmations (~one hour) on the ten-minute blockchain.
</blockquote>

blocks|key|3376830|text|我偶然发现了一篇很有趣的研究论文，题为“工作区块链证明的安全性与性能”|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3376831|执政者声明如下：|3376832|由于与比特币相比，Ethereum2的块奖励较小，陈旧的块率较高(由于确认时间较快，从0.41%25到6.8%25+)，Ethereum+(块间隔10到20秒)至少需要37次确认才能匹配比特币的安全性(平均10分钟的块间隔)和6次块确认，以匹配占总挖掘功率30%25的对手。|blockquote|3376833|你会在报纸上找到这个演示|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/555.pdf^0|J|G|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@$A|S|B|T|1|U]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|Q]]]]

I've stumbled upon a very interesting research paper entitled <a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/555.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work
Blockchains
"</a>

the autors state the following :

<blockquote>
 Due to the smaller block rewards and the higher stale block rate of
 Ethereum2 compared to Bitcoin (from 0.41% to 6.8% due to the faster
 confirmation time), Ethereum (block interval between 10 and 20
 seconds) needs at least 37 confirmations to match Bitcoin’s security
 (block interval of 10 minutes on average) with 6 block confirmations
 against an adversary with 30% of the total mining power.
</blockquote>

You'll find the demonstration in the paper

In Bitcoin, 6 confirmations are considered secure (very low probability of transaction/block reversal).

What is the current number in Ethereum?

What number of confirmations is considered secure in Ethereum?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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在比特币中，6种确认被认为是安全的(交易/块反转的可能性很低)。现在的数字是什么？

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