无限制语言

Question

我在这个网站上最喜欢的挑战之一是受限源挑战。这些挑战强加了一种计算机控制的限制，即潜在答案的来源必须通过。我非常喜欢这些挑战，我一直在练习一种高尔夫语言，希望能在这些挑战中获胜。现在我想把挑战扩展到你们身上。您的任务是设计一种语言来解决各种受限的源任务。您将花费时间设计和实现一种语言，在这种语言中，更改和新的添加将是非竞争性的，所有提交的内容都将面临受限源挑战的挑战。

评分

在发布挑战之前，我将列出要解决的简单挑战和需要遵循的源代码限制列表。对于每一个匹配的挑战和源限制，您的语言可以赚取0至2分。(将面临10项挑战和10项限制，导致100个组合)

• 1点，如果它能够以150字节以下的限制来完成任务
• 如果解决方案是任何语言竞争中最短的解决方案，则为2分(两种语言在平手的情况下将获得2分)
• 0分，如果他们不能创建一个程序，以少于150个字节完成任务的限制。

你的分数将是在每一场可能的比赛中所获得的所有分数的总和。目标是获得最高的分数。其他人可能会帮助你解决每一个挑战，提高你的得分。

我将在发帖时透露每一份清单中的4项，并在第二次答复后的一周内再公布8项。你将只被允许在任何匹配中得分1分(最短提交不算)，而这两个部分在第一周之前都会显示出来。这样你就可以知道你的语言在你工作的时候有多好，但是你不能简单地设计你的语言来构建所有的挑战和限制。

我将包括一个散列的目标类别与问题，所以你可以肯定，我不会改变他们在一周内，以利于任何一方。此外，在本周结束之前，我不会告诉任何人隐藏的参数，也不会亲自参加挑战。

预先存在的语言

这个挑战对所有现有的语言都是开放的，但是如果你不是该语言的作者，请将你的答案变成一个社区wiki，以便我们社区的其他成员可以直接为分数贡献力量。命令行标志不需要遵守任何限制，但是每个程序都应该使用相同的命令行参数运行(也就是说，您应该选择一个并坚持使用它)。这些不会添加到字节计数中。

挑战和限制

无论您使用哪个代码页，二进制文件的ASCII编码都会受到限制。其中一些链接指向网站上的一个现有问题，他们从该网站继承了对挑战的io要求和对限制的源限制。您可以忽略任何“禁止构建”或覆盖任何相关挑战的现有元共识。

作为警告:不要试图统治律师；我知道这是一场竞争，但因为本质上有100个不同的子挑战，我不能保证所有这些挑战都是完全没有问题的。试着找点乐子。

挑战

• 对整数列表进行排序
• 打印Hello, world!
• 确定括号是否平衡
• 检验素数

Restrictions

• 只有奇数字节(每8位必须是奇数)
• 双字节
• 字节按升序排列(每个字节大于最后一个字节)
• 源代码是回文

其余条件的sha512哈希值为：

4de5eca33c6270798606cf1412820c4ce112d8b927ef02877f36795b2b15ffacca51ea598fa89b8d6bc9f4cde53810e0e7ade30e536e52e28f40a6a13841dfc5  -

Answer 1

宽度

解释器仍在进行中(我仍然有几个未使用的命令槽)。回购，有更多的文档，可以找到这里。

丹尼斯在不到一分钟前给TIO添加了宽度：在网上试试！

Width是我最近根据我第一次在这个问题中抛弃的想法开发的一种基于堆栈的深奥语言。它完全基于一个字母在“规则”字体中的宽度，或多或少。唯一能做任何事情的字符是字母、大写和小写。所有其他字符都会被忽略。我将字母分成10个不同的宽度类别，它们构成了宽度上可能的10个不同操作：

0: i j l                     # do while counter > 0
1: f r t I                   # end
2: c k s v x y z J           # 0 in commands
3: a b d e g h n o p q u L   # separator (no-op)
4: F T Z                     # push base 10 number, using left side row titles (width numbers); terminated with original char
5: A B E K P S V X Y         # 1 in commands
6: w C D H N R U             # 2 in commands
7: G O Q                     # push string literal; sets of 2 width numbers equate to index in printable ASCII; terminated with original char
8: m M                       # if top of stack
9: W                         # else

2、5和6提供对这些命令的访问，其中大多数命令与堆栈交互。更多的信息可以在info.txt页面上找到。

这是解释器的Python代码。我仍然有几个命令要添加，我正在考虑如何处理错误，但否则它应该是完整的。(我还将在某个时候添加一个标志，以允许使用更抽象的语法进行测试，因为否则，使用这种语言会带来巨大的痛苦)

import sys
import math
import numbers
import functools

try:
    file = sys.argv[1]
except IndexError:
    file = "source.wide"

with open(file) as f:
    source = f.read()

translation = ("ijl", "frtI", "cksvxyzJ", "abdeghnopquL", "FTZ", "ABEKPSVXY", "wCDHNRU", "GOQ", "mM", "W")
chars = "".join(sorted("".join(translation)))
strings = """ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\n\t"""


def trans(letter):
    for each in translation:
        if letter in each:
            return translation.index(each)

COMMAND = "COMMAND"
COMMANDS = (2, 5, 6)
NUMBER = "NUMBER"
STRING = "STRING"
DO = "DO"
IF = "IF"
ELSE = "ELSE"
END = "END"
SEPARATOR = "SEPARATOR"


class Token:
    def __init__(self, val, type_):
        self.val = val
        self.type = type_


class Lexer:
    def __init__(self, src):
        self.src = src
        self.pos = 0
        self.char = self.src[self.pos]

    def read(self):
        if self.char is None:
            return None

        command = trans(self.char)

        if command == 0:
            self.advance()
            return Token(0, DO)
        elif command == 1:
            self.advance()
            return Token(1, END)
        elif command == 3:
            self.advance()
            return Token(3, SEPARATOR)
        elif command == 4:
            return self.read_num()
        elif command == 7:
            return self.read_str()
        elif command == 8:
            self.advance()
            return Token(8, IF)
        elif command == 9:
            self.advance()
            return Token(9, ELSE)
        else:
            return self.read_cmd()

    def advance(self):
        self.pos += 1

        try:
            self.char = self.src[self.pos]
        except IndexError:
            self.char = None

    def read_num(self):
        delim = self.char
        self.advance()

        res = ""
        while self.char is not None and self.char != delim:
            res += str(trans(self.char))
            self.advance()

        self.advance()

        return Token(int(res), NUMBER)

    def read_str(self):
        def read_char():
            res_ = str(trans(self.char))
            self.advance()
            res_ += str(trans(self.char))
            self.advance()
            try:
                return strings[int(res_)]
            except IndexError:
                return " "

        delim = self.char
        self.advance()

        res = ""
        while self.char is not None and self.char != delim:
            res += read_char()

        self.advance()

        return Token(res, STRING)

    def read_cmd(self):
        command = ""
        while self.char is not None and trans(self.char) in COMMANDS and len(command) <= 4:
            command += str(COMMANDS.index(trans(self.char)))
            self.advance()

        return Token(command, COMMAND)

source = "".join(filter(lambda c: c in chars, source))

stack = []
backburner = []
counter = 0


def set_counter(val):
    global counter
    counter = int(val)

    if counter < 0:
        counter = 0


def set_stack(val):
    global stack
    stack = val


def num_input():
    inp = input()
    try:
        stack.append(int(inp))
    except ValueError:
        try:
            stack.append(float(inp))
        except ValueError:
            pass


def flip_ends():
    if len(stack) > 1:
        stack[0], stack[-1] = stack[-1], stack[0]


def clear_stack():
    global stack
    stack = []


def reload_stack(is_top):
    global backburner, stack

    if is_top:
        stack.extend(backburner)
    else:
        stack = backburner + stack

    backburner = []


# https://stackoverflow.com/a/15285588/7605753
def is_prime(n):
    if n == 2 or n == 3:
        return True
    if n < 2 or n % 2 == 0:
        return False
    if n < 9:
        return True
    if n % 3 == 0:
        return False
    r = int(math.sqrt(n))
    _f = 5
    while _f <= r:
        if n % _f == 0:
            return False
        if n % (_f + 2) == 0:
            return False
        _f += 6
    return True


def error():
    raise Exception

commands = {
    "0": lambda: stack.append(stack[-1]),
    "1": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2)),
    "2": lambda: stack.pop(),
    "00": lambda: set_counter(stack[-1]),
    "01": lambda: stack.append(len(stack)),
    "02": lambda: stack.append(input()),
    "10": num_input,
    "11": lambda: stack.append(str(stack.pop())),
    "12": lambda: stack.append(int(stack.pop())),
    "20": lambda: set_counter(counter + 1),
    "21": lambda: set_counter(counter - 1),
    "22": lambda: print(stack.pop()),
    "000": lambda: stack.append(float(stack.pop())),
    "001": lambda: stack.append(-stack.pop()),
    "002": lambda: stack.append(not stack.pop()),
    "010": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) + stack.pop()),
    "011": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) - stack.pop()),
    "012": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) / stack.pop()),
    "020": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) // stack.pop()),
    "021": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) * stack.pop()),
    "022": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) % stack.pop()),
    "100": lambda: stack.append(math.factorial(stack.pop())),
    "101": lambda: stack.append(str(stack.pop(-2)) + str(stack.pop())),
    "102": lambda: stack.append(math.pow(stack.pop(-2), stack.pop())),
    "110": lambda: stack.append(math.sqrt(stack.pop())),
    "111": lambda: stack.append(math.log(stack.pop(-2), stack.pop())),
    "112": lambda: stack.append(~stack.pop()),
    "120": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) | stack.pop()),
    "121": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) & stack.pop()),
    "122": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) << stack.pop()),
    "200": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2) >> stack.pop()),
    "201": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2)[stack.pop()]),
    "202": lambda: stack.append(str(stack.pop(-2)) * stack.pop()),
    "210": lambda: stack.append(counter),
    "211": lambda: set_counter(stack.pop()),
    "212": lambda: stack.extend(list(str(stack.pop()))),
    "220": flip_ends,
    "221": lambda: stack.append(len(stack[-1])),
    "222": lambda: print(stack[-1]),
    "0000": lambda: stack.reverse(),
    "0001": lambda: stack.sort(),
    "0002": lambda: stack.append(stack[counter]),
    "0010": lambda: stack.append(stack[stack.pop()]),
    "0011": 0,
    "0012": 0,
    "0020": lambda: stack.append(sum(n for n in stack if isinstance(n, numbers.Number))),
    "0021": lambda: stack.append(functools.reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, [n for n in stack if isinstance(n, numbers.Number)], 1)),
    "0022": 0,
    "0100": lambda: (backburner.extend(stack), clear_stack()),
    "0101": lambda: reload_stack(True),
    "0102": lambda: reload_stack(False),
    "0110": lambda: backburner.append(stack.pop()),
    "0111": lambda: backburner.append(list(stack.pop())),
    "0112": lambda: stack.pop().split(stack.pop()),
    "0120": lambda: stack.append(backburner[-1]),
    "0121": lambda: (lambda depth=stack.pop(): (set_stack(stack[-depth:]), backburner.append(stack[:depth])))(),
    "0122": lambda: (lambda depth=stack.pop(): (set_stack(stack[:-depth]), backburner.append(stack[depth:])))(),
    "0200": lambda: set_stack([stack.pop().join(stack)]),
    "0201": lambda: set_stack(["".join(stack)]),
    "0202": lambda: (lambda depth=stack.pop(-2): set_stack(stack[-depth:] + [stack.pop().join(stack[:depth])]))(),
    "0210": lambda: (lambda depth=stack.pop(): set_stack(stack[-depth:] + ["".join(stack[:depth])]))(),
    "0211": 0,
    "0212": 0,
    "0220": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop().split(stack.pop())),
    "0221": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop().split(", ")),
    "0222": 0,
    "1000": lambda: stack.append(is_prime(stack[-1])),
    "1001": lambda: stack.append((lambda s=stack.pop(): s == s[::-1])()),
    "1002": lambda: stack.append(1 / stack.pop()),
    "1010": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() - 1),
    "1011": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() + 1),
    "1012": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() * 2),
    "1020": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() / 2),
    "1021": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() ** 2),
    "1022": lambda: float("." + str(stack.pop())),
    "1100": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() == stack.pop()),
    "1101": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() != stack.pop()),
    "1102": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() > stack.pop()),
    "1110": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() < stack.pop()),
    "1111": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() >= stack.pop()),
    "1112": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() <= stack.pop()),
    "1120": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() in stack),
    "1121": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() in backburner),
    "1122": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() == counter),
    "1200": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop() in stack.pop()),
    "1201": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2).find(stack.pop())),
    "1202": 0,
    "1210": 0,
    "1211": 0,
    "1212": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop().lower()),
    "1220": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop().upper()),
    "1221": lambda: stack.append(ord(stack.pop())),
    "1222": lambda: stack.append(chr(stack.pop())),
    "2000": lambda: stack.append(math.floor(stack.pop())),
    "2001": lambda: stack.append(math.ceil(stack.pop())),
    "2002": lambda: stack.append(round(stack.pop())),
    "2010": lambda: stack.append(abs(stack.pop())),
    "2011": 0,
    "2012": 0,
    "2020": lambda: stack.append(len(stack.pop())),
    "2021": 0,
    "2022": 0,
    "2100": lambda: stack.append(min(stack)),
    "2101": lambda: stack.append(max(stack)),
    "2102": lambda: stack.append(stack.count(stack.pop())),
    "2110": lambda: stack.append(sum(stack) / len(stack)),
    "2111": 0,
    "2112": 0,
    "2120": 0,
    "2121": 0,
    "2122": 0,
    "2200": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-3).replace(stack.pop(-2), stack.pop())),
    "2201": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-3).replace(stack.pop(-2), stack.pop(), 1)),
    "2202": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2).replace(stack.pop(), "")),
    "2210": lambda: stack.append(stack.pop(-2).replace(stack.pop(), "", 1)),
    "2211": 0,
    "2212": lambda: stack.append(eval(stack.pop())),
    "2220": lambda: stack.append(eval(input())),
    "2221": lambda: print(stack[-1]),
    "2222": lambda: error()
}


def run_cmd(name):
    global stack, counter, backburner

    state = {
        "stack": list(stack),
        "counter": counter,
        "backburner": list(backburner)
    }

    # TODO: unknown command

    try:
        commands[name]()
    except IndexError:
        stack = state["stack"]
        counter = state["counter"]
        backburner = state["backburner"]


class AST:
    pass


class Main(AST):
    def __init__(self):
        self.nodes = []


class Do(AST):
    def __init__(self, node):
        self.node = node


class If(AST):
    def __init__(self, first, second):
        self.first = first
        self.second = second


class Literal(AST):
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.val = val


class Command(AST):
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.val = val


class Parser:
    def __init__(self, lexer):
        self.lexer = lexer
        self.token = None

    def parse(self):
        pgm = Main()
        self.token = self.lexer.read()

        while self.token is not None and self.token.type != END and self.token.type != ELSE:
            if self.token.type == DO:
                pgm.nodes.append(Do(self.parse()))

            elif self.token.type == NUMBER or self.token.type == STRING:
                pgm.nodes.append(Literal(self.token.val))

            elif self.token.type == IF:
                first = self.parse()

                if self.token.type == ELSE:
                    second = self.parse()
                else:
                    second = None

                pgm.nodes.append(If(first, second))

            elif self.token.type == COMMAND:
                pgm.nodes.append(Command(self.token.val))

            self.token = self.lexer.read()

        return pgm


class Interpreter:
    def __init__(self, tree):
        self.tree = tree

    def visit(self, node):
        method_name = "visit_" + type(node).__name__
        visitor = getattr(self, method_name.lower())
        return visitor(node)

    def interpret(self):
        self.visit(self.tree)

    def visit_main(self, node):
        for each in node.nodes:
            self.visit(each)

    def visit_do(self, node):
        while counter:
            self.visit(node)

    def visit_if(self, node):
        if stack[-1]:
            self.visit(node.first)
        elif node.second:
            self.visit(node.second)

    def visit_literal(self, node):
        stack.append(node.val)

    def visit_command(self, node):
        run_cmd(node.val)


if source == "":
    with open("info.txt") as f:
        info = f.read()

    print(info)
else:
    main = Parser(Lexer(source)).parse()

    interpreter = Interpreter(main)
    interpreter.interpret()

    try:
        sys.exit(stack[-1])
    except IndexError:
        pass