陷入依赖循环-ubuntu22.04

Question

以某种方式，im最终出现在包依赖循环中。当我试图升级我的软件包时，会出现以下情况：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libapt-pkg6.0 : Depends: libgcrypt20 (>= 1.10.0) but 1.9.4-3ubuntu3 is installed
                 Depends: libzstd1 (>= 1.5.2) but 1.4.8+dfsg-3build1 is installed
                 Recommends: apt (>= 2.5.3) but 2.4.8 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

所以我尝试了sudo apt --fix-broken install

sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libapt-pkg6.0 : Depends: libgcrypt20 (>= 1.10.0) but 1.9.4-3ubuntu3 is installed
                 Depends: libzstd1 (>= 1.5.2) but 1.4.8+dfsg-3build1 is installed
                 Recommends: apt (>= 2.5.3) but 2.4.8 is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

然后我尝试删除/清除包sudo apt purge libapt-pkg6.0:amd64

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 apt : Depends: libapt-pkg6.0 (>= 2.4.8) but it is not going to be installed
 apt-utils : Depends: libapt-pkg6.0 (>= 2.4.8) but it is not going to be installed
 packagekit : Depends: libapt-pkg6.0 (>= 1.9.2) but it is not going to be installed
 python3-apt : Depends: libapt-pkg6.0 (>= 1.9.11~) but it is not going to be installed
 ubuntu-advantage-tools : Depends: libapt-pkg6.0 (>= 0.8.0) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

apt policy libapt-pkg6.0输出

libapt-pkg6.0:
  Installed: 2.5.3
  Candidate: 2.5.3
  Version table:
 *** 2.5.3 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.4.8 500
        500 http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages
     2.4.5 500
        500 http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages

我也尝试过其他的方法，但我似乎还是坚持了这个立场。任何建议都会有帮助。

Answer 1

好吧，我想我找到了一个解决办法：

我第一次用：

sudo dpkg -r --force-depends libapt-pkg6.0:amd64

若要除去依赖项，则删除包。

然后我下载了正确的版本：

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/libapt-pkg6.0_2.4.5_amd64.deb

然后安装：

sudo dpkg -i libapt-pkg6.0_2.4.5_amd64.deb

重新启动系统，然后更新和升级再次工作。

Answer 2

看起来您在某个时候将22.10 (动能)软件包安装到了22.04 (jammy)系统上。

22.10 = 2.5.3版本中的libapt-pkg6.0。

教训:除非你是专家，否则不要混合Ubuntu不同版本的包。

你有三个选择：

1. 如果您不知道这是如何发生的，并且/或不想花几个小时学习如何修复它，那么就需要重新安装22.04 (或22.10)。
2. 另外，另一种解决方案是恢复使用22.10。这更复杂，因为您不能再使用do-release-upgrade，因为您的包有未满足的依赖项。这是否可能取决于你造成了多大的损害，你是如何造成的，以及你是否有能力修复它。它需要手动修复源，然后使用dist-upgrade。这不是一个支持的升级路径，所以如果您遇到问题，我们的建议是重新安装。
3. 最复杂和最熟练的解决方案是卸载所有22.10包并从20.04存储库重新安装。这个解决方案有一个学习曲线，需要一些技巧与apt。它几乎肯定是更快和更简单的重新安装。