自动安装支持EFI和Legacy引导

Question

我正在尝试使用自动安装安装Ubuntu22.04。我生成的包含userdata.yml (主自动安装文件)的ISO有storage部分，应该同时支持EFI和Legacy引导，但是我找不到实现它的方法。

userdata.yml中只支持EFI引导的存储部分：

  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: false
      type: disk
      id: disk-sda
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1127219200
      wipe: superblock
      flag: boot
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: true
      type: partition
      id: partition-0
    - fstype: fat32
      volume: partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-0
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-1
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-1
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 54760833024
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-2
    - name: myvg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - name: slashlv
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: 53687091200B
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_partition
      id: lvm_partition-0
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-2
    - path: /
      device: format-2
      type: mount
      id: mount-2
    - path: /boot
      device: format-1
      type: mount
      id: mount-1
    - path: /boot/efi
      device: format-0
      type: mount
      id: mount-0

userdata.yml中只支持遗产引导的存储部分：

  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      type: disk
      id: disk-sda
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1048576
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-0
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-1
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-1
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 54760833024
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-2
    - name: myvg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - name: slashlv
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: 53687091200B
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_partition
      id: lvm_partition-0
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-2
    - path: /
      device: format-2
      type: mount
      id: mount-1
    - path: /boot
      device: format-1
      type: mount
      id: mount-0

当我试图用只支持遗留引导的userdata.yml安装EFI时，我失败了(相反)-

2022-11-03 09:48:37,448 ERROR root:39 finish: subiquity/Filesystem/apply_autoinstall_config: FAIL: autoinstall config did not create needed bootloader partition
2022-11-03 09:48:37,448 ERROR root:39 finish: subiquity/apply_autoinstall_config: FAIL: autoinstall config did not create needed bootloader partition

同样，我需要在同一个userdata.yml文件中同时支持EFI和Legacy引导。

谢谢!

Answer 1

在官方上，您不能创建一个同时支持BIOS和UEFI的存储配置。grub_device设置不兼容。引用安装程序(子)开发人员之一的话

是的，可能吧。实际上，我想清理这整个区域，并使配置清理器(例如，它确实应该能够安装一个系统，它将启动遗留和UEFI)，但看起来我不会在不久的时间内解决这个问题--…

作为一种解决方法，可以使用early-commands来使单个配置工作。下面是我使用过的一个示例user-data片段。它将根据/autoinstall.yaml文件的存在修改/sys/firmware/efi文件。

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  storage:
    config:
    - type: disk
      match:
        size: largest
      ptable: gpt
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      id: disk-sda
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: 4194304
      wipe: superblock
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 14
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      id: partition-14
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: 111149056
      wipe: superblock
      flag: boot
      number: 15
      preserve: false
      grub_device: UEFI
      id: partition-15
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: -1
      wipe: superblock
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      id: partition-1
    - type: format
      fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      id: format-1
    - type: mount
      path: /
      device: format-1
      id: mount-1
    - type: format
      fstype: fat32
      volume: partition-15
      preserve: false
      id: format-15
    - type: mount
      path: /boot/efi
      device: format-15
      id: mount-15
  early-commands:
    - |
      if [ -e "/sys/firmware/efi" ]; then
        sed -i -e "s/grub_device: UEFI/grub_device: true/" /autoinstall.yaml
      else
        sed -i -e "s/grub_device: UEFI/grub_device: false/" /autoinstall.yaml
      fi
      true

有了这个片段，所有设备都会以相同的分区布局结束，这可能会让人感到困惑。例如，基于BIOS的机器将仍然会有一个安装在/boot/efi上的不必要的ESP分区，而基于UEFI的机器将有一个不必要的bios_grub分区。

云图有一个分区布局，用作此配置的灵感。云映像支持BIOS和UEFI，我想复制它。得到的分区表如下所示，最后的分区填充磁盘。

Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start    End       Size      File system  Name  Flags
 1      1.00MiB  5.00MiB   4.00MiB                      bios_grub
 2      5.00MiB  111MiB    106MiB    fat32              boot, esp
 3      111MiB   20479MiB  20368MiB  ext4